{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:38:10Z","timestamp":1779374290866,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015060","name":"Nagasaki University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cystine and theanine (CT), an amino acid mixture, provides the substrates cysteine and glutamic acid that promote glutathione synthesis. We previously reported that CT pre-treatment significantly improved the acute survival rate and reduced acute radiation injury of the small intestine and bone marrow of rats after 5\u00a0Gy of total body X-ray irradiation. To examine the long-term effects of CT administration after irradiation, we investigated the effects of CT pre-treatment and pre- and post-treatment on the chronic survival rate and solid tumor (spleen, skin and subcutis, and thyroid) incidence after irradiation using 7-week-old male Wistar rats. CT pre-treatment of 280\u00a0mg\/kg was administered orally for 5 days before 5\u00a0Gy irradiation, and CT pre- and post-treatment was administered 5 days before and 5 days after irradiation. A 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose solution was administered as a control. The chronic survival rate of the pre-treated rats was higher than that of the control rats at 441 days after irradiation (40 vs 8.1%, P\u2009=\u20090.011). However, the survival rate did not significantly differ between the pre- and post-treatment and control rats at 467 days after irradiation (33.8 vs 30.2%, P\u2009=\u20090.792). In addition, more solid tumors, especially subcutis sarcomas, were observed in the pre-treatment rats (26.1%, 6\/23) than in the control rats (4.5%, 1\/22) after irradiation. Therefore, pre-administration of CT improves the chronic survival rate after irradiation; however, the occurrence of solid tumors was not suppressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrad047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:16:52Z","timestamp":1687220212000},"page":"738-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effects of cystine and theanine mixture on the chronic survival rate and tumor incidence of rats after total body X-ray irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Matsuu-Matsuyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Division of Strategic Collaborative Research, Center for Promotion of Collaborative Research on Radiation and Environment Health Effects, , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Shichijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sendai City Medical Center , 5-22-1 Tsurugaya, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-0824 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1667\/RR0763.1","article-title":"Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958\u20131998","volume":"168","author":"Preston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.919345","article-title":"Oncogenes and radiation carcinogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Garte","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98481-z","article-title":"Age-dependent effects on radiation-induced carcinogenesis in the rat thyroid","volume":"11","author":"Matsuu-Matsuyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci 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antioxidant thiols","volume":"676","author":"Tiwari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen"},{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2020.103395","article-title":"Protective effects of a cystine and theanine mixture against acute radiation injury in rats","volume":"78","author":"Matsuu-Matsuyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2019.1666104","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of amifostine for the acute radiation syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2023071910572915200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-014-9268-3","article-title":"Protection from radiation-induced apoptosis by the radioprotector amifostine (WR-2721) is radiation dose 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