{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T22:53:55Z","timestamp":1788821635974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Heath Commission","award":["PW2022A-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PW2022A-26"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes and safety of carbon ion re-irradiation with pencil beam scanning (PBS) delivery technique for previously irradiated and unresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Between June 2017 and September 2021, 24 patients of unresectable LRRC with prior pelvic photon radiotherapy who underwent carbon ion re-irradiation at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Carbon ion radiotherapy was delivered by raster scanning with a median relative biological effectiveness-weighted dose of 72\u00a0Gy in 20 fractions. Weekly CT reviews were carried out, and offline adaptive replanning was performed whenever required. The median follow-up duration was 23.8\u00a0months (range, 6.2\u201347.1\u00a0months). At the last follow-up, two patients had a local disease progression, and 11 patients developed distant metastases. The 1- and 2-year local control, progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 100 and 93.3%, 70.8 and 45.0% and 86.7 and 81.3%, respectively. There were no Grade 3 or higher acute toxicities observed. Three patients developed Grade 3 late toxicities, one each with gastrointestinal toxicity, skin reaction and pelvic infection. In conclusion, definitive carbon ion re-irradiation with PBS provided superior oncologic results with tolerable toxicities and may be served as a curative treatment strategy in unresectable LRRC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrad068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T18:52:17Z","timestamp":1695408737000},"page":"933-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Definitive carbon ion re-irradiation with pencil beam scanning in the treatment of unresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000) , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy , Shanghai , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023112303335829700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040694","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer","volume":"351","author":"Sauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023112303335829700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.9597","article-title":"Randomized trial of short-course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: trans-Tasman radiation oncology group trial 01.04","volume":"30","author":"Ngan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin 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