{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:22:25Z","timestamp":1772205745582,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Radiotherapy Imaging Dose Management Subcommittee of the Medical Safety Committee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Previous studies have primarily focused on quality of imaging in radiotherapy planning computed tomography (RTCT), with few investigations on imaging doses. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to investigate the imaging dose in RTCT to determine baseline data for establishing national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in Japanese institutions. A survey questionnaire was sent to domestic RT institutions between 10 October and 16 December 2021. The questionnaire items were volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), dose\u2013length product (DLP), and acquisition parameters, including use of auto exposure image control (AEC) or image-improving reconstruction option (IIRO) for brain stereotactic irradiation (brain STI), head and neck (HN) intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (lung SBRT), breast-conserving radiotherapy (breast RT), and prostate IMRT protocols. Details on the use of motion-management techniques for lung SBRT were collected. Consequently, we collected 328 responses. The 75th percentiles of CTDIvol were 92, 33, 86, 23, and 32\u00a0mGy and those of DLP were 2805, 1301, 2416, 930, and 1158\u00a0mGy\u00b7cm for brain STI, HN IMRT, lung SBRT, breast RT, and prostate IMRT, respectively. CTDIvol and DLP values in institutions that used AEC or IIRO were lower than those without use for almost all sites. The 75th percentiles of DLP in each treatment technique for lung SBRT were 2541, 2034, 2336, and 2730\u00a0mGy\u00b7cm for free breathing, breath holding, gating technique, and real-time tumor tracking technique, respectively. Our data will help in establishing DRLs for RTCT protocols, thus reducing imaging doses in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrad098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T07:22:22Z","timestamp":1703748142000},"page":"159-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiological imaging protection: a study on imaging dose used while planning computed tomography for external radiotherapy in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhi","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital , 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Niigata Neurosurgical Hospital , 3057 Yamada, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-1101 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomasa","family":"Nagahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Division, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital , 1-5-7 Asahi-chou, Osaka City, Osaka 545-8586 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics, Tokyo Bay Makuhari Clinic for Advanced Imaging, Cancer Screening, and High-Precision Radiotherapy , 1-17 Toyosuna, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0024 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division, National Cancer Center Hospital , 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center , 780, Ooazakomuro, Ina, Saitama 362-0806 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Sciences, Komazawa University , 1-23-1 Komazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 154-8525 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Marianna University Hospital , 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 216-8511 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital , 6528 Koibuchi, Kasama City, Ibaraki 309-1793 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kurooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy, Tokyo Medical University Hospital , 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital , 1-1, Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Aichi 464-8684 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences , Faculty of Life Sciences, , 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0976 , Japan"},{"name":"Kumamoto University , Faculty of Life Sciences, , 4-24-1 Kuhonji, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0976 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192 , Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032217553588600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.005","article-title":"Tracking moving organs in real time","volume":"14","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2024032217553588600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2005.01.008","article-title":"Introduction: management of target localization uncertainties in external-beam therapy","volume":"15","author":"Mageras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Radiat 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