{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:13:09Z","timestamp":1787238789957,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to clarify whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is associated with improved outcomes in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in the current era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data from patients with LS-SCLC who achieved a complete response to definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at two medical centers were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score-matching was performed in a 2:1 ratio to balance the baseline characteristics of the no-PCI and PCI groups. The endpoints were the incidence of brain metastasis (BM), neurological causes of death and overall survival (OS). Overall, 80% patients underwent head MRI during the initial staging and 75 patients (no-PCI, n\u2009=\u200950; PCI, n\u2009=\u200925) were matched. Their baseline characteristics were generally well-balanced except for age; patients in the no-PCI group tended to be older. The median follow-up period was 29\u00a0months. Although the incidence of BMs tended to be higher in the no-PCI group (1-year BM occurrence: 26% vs 17%, P\u2009=\u20090.22), the incidence of multiple BMs (defined as &amp;gt;4 metastases) was similar between groups (1-year multiple BMs occurrence: 8% vs 9%, P\u2009=\u20090.65). The 2-year neurological causes of death and OS rate did not significantly differ between the groups (6% and 9%; P\u2009=\u20090.85; and 70% and 79%; P\u2009=\u20090.36, respectively). The 1-year occurrence of multiple BMs did not increase, even without PCI, when modern imaging modalities were integrated into the initial diagnosis, suggesting that PCI could be omitted after CRT, if MRI was incorporated into the initial diagnosis and follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrae087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T07:16:48Z","timestamp":1728631008000},"page":"805-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer in the modern magnetic resonance imaging era may be omitted: a propensity score-matched analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Kei","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiro","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Komazawa University , 1-23-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8525 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Minakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Machitori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital , 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Hosomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research Support, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko Nemoto","family":"Murofushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital , Department of Radiology, , 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121018542390300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2958","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: will recent progress lead to improved outcomes?","volume":"21","author":"Pietanza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer 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