{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:38:41Z","timestamp":1792057121989,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23\u00a0K24286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u00a0K24286"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22\u00a0K07695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\u00a0K07695"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22H03023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H03023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recently, ultra-high dose rate (&amp;gt; 40\u00a0Gy\/s, uHDR; FLASH) radiation therapy (RT) has attracted interest, because the FLASH effect that is, while a cell-killing effect on cancer cells remains, the damage to normal tissue could be spared has been reported. This study aimed to compare the immune-related protein expression on cancer cells after \u03b3-ray, conventionally used dose rate (Conv) carbon ion (C-ion), and uHDR C-ion. B16F10 murine melanoma and Pan02 murine pancreas cancer were irradiated with \u03b3-ray at Osaka University and with C-ion at Osaka HIMAK. The dose rates at 1.16\u00a0Gy\/s for Conv and 380\u00a0Gy\/s for uHDR irradiation. The expressed calreticulin (CRT), major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-I, and programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blotting and PCR were utilized to evaluate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, DNA damage, and its repair pathway. CRT, MHC-I on B16F10 was also increased by irradiation, while only C-ion increased MHC-I on Pan02. Notably, PD-L1 on B16F10 was increased after irradiation with both \u03b3-ray and C-ion, while uHDR C-ion suppressed the expression of PD-L1 on Pan02. The present study indicated that uHDR C-ion has a different impact on the repair pathway of DNA damage and ER than the Conv C-ion. This is the first study to show the immune-related protein expressions on cancer cells after uHDR C-ion irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrae091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:02:20Z","timestamp":1735257740000},"page":"97-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) carbon ion irradiation inhibited immune suppressive protein expression on Pan02 cell line"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Shohei","family":"Katsuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Oniwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Hamatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center , 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 540-0008,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Takashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center , 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 540-0008,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuaki","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center , 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka, 540-0008,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012319215764400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3399","article-title":"DNA repair dysregulation from cancer driver to therapeutic target","volume":"12","author":"Curtin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2025012319215764400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02949-8","article-title":"Preclinical biological assessment of proton and carbon ion beams at Hyogo Ion Beam Medical 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