{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T05:46:59Z","timestamp":1793512019154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of the University of Health Sciences","award":["2022\/094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated early inflammatory and apoptotic molecular responses in heart and lung tissues following flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) radiotherapy in a murine MCF-7 xenograft breast cancer model. Mice received a single 20\u00a0Gy fraction in FF (400 MU\/min) or FFF (1820 MU\/min) mode, and cardiopulmonary tissues were analyzed 48\u00a0h post-irradiation. Gene expression of Tnf, Il1b, Nfkb and p53 was assessed by RT-qPCR, while NF-\u03baB p65 activation and caspase-3\u2013mediated apoptosis were evaluated by western blot. Both irradiation modalities significantly increased inflammatory cytokine expression and NF-\u03baB signaling compared with controls (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with consistently stronger responses following FFF irradiation. Lung p53 expression increased progressively across tumor-bearing and irradiated groups, indicating enhanced DNA damage signaling, while elevated cleaved caspase-3 levels reflected apoptotic activation, particularly in irradiated groups. Overall, high\u2013dose-rate FFF radiotherapy elicits more pronounced early inflammatory and apoptotic responses in non-target heart and lung tissues than conventional FF delivery, highlighting the importance of incorporating normal tissue radiobiological effects into high-dose-rate radiotherapy strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrag046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:12:33Z","timestamp":1783426353000},"page":"516-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Radiobiological effects of flattening filter and flattening filter free radiotherapy x-ray on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in cardiac and pulmonary tissues in an MCF-7 xenograft breast cancer model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1429-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Hac\u0131mustafao\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences , Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street Number: 38, 34668 \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, Istanbul ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"Aras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Techniques, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences , Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street Number: 38, 34668 \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, Istanbul ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences , Selimiye Neighborhood, T\u0131bbiye Street Number: 23, 34668 \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, Istanbul 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