{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:50:46Z","timestamp":1791546646790,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009007","name":"Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009007","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25HP2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25HP2001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cataracts have reportedly been linked to radiation exposure. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between natural gamma-radiation exposure and the prevalence of cataracts among female inhabitants of Karunagappally, Kerala, India\u2019s high natural background radiation areas (HNBRA). From 2013 to 2014, a total of 840 women, whose lifetime natural radiation exposure had been estimated, underwent ophthalmic examinations and structured interviews. Five hundred and fifty women were from the control region (low- and medium dose areas), and 290 were from high natural background radiation area. The Lens Opacities Classification System was applied for grading cataracts. In the control region, 79 (14%) cortical, 10 (2%) posterior subcapsular and 24 (4%) nuclear cataracts were identified, whereas 54 (19%), 9 (3%) and 10 (4%) cases, respectively, were observed in high natural background radiation area. Cortical cataracts were significantly associated with cumulative radiation doses of 200\u00a0mGy or greater (odds ratio: 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.11\u20135.45) in logistic regression models adjusted for age, body mass index and family history of diabetes mellitus. After combining cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts\u2014subtypes more closely connected to radiation exposure\u2014women exposed to more than 140\u00a0mGy in their lifetime, a reported threshold, exhibited a significantly increased risk (odds ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.00\u20131.56). The present study found a significant association between cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract prevalence and high natural background radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrag071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:23:31Z","timestamp":1785756211000},"page":"763-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between high natural background radiation and cataract subtypes in female residents of Karunagappally, Kerala, India"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5156-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athira","family":"Nandakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima City 890-8544 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananthakrishnakurup","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Center , Kumarapuram Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoop","family":"Bahuleyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Background Radiation Cancer Registry , Karunagappally, Nendakara, Kollam, Kerala 691582 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi Ward, Kitakyushu 807-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayalekshmi","family":"Padmavathy Amma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Center , Kumarapuram Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Natural Background Radiation Cancer Registry , Karunagappally, Nendakara, Kollam, Kerala 691582 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz","family":"Ahammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Background Radiation Cancer Registry , Karunagappally, Nendakara, Kollam, Kerala 691582 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghu Ram K","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Center , Kumarapuram Road, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695011 ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Health Research Foundation , 15 Morimoto Cho, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-0805 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihaya","family":"Koriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima City 890-8544 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0444-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiya","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry , 2-11-1 Iwadokita, KomaneCity, Tokyo 201-8511 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suminori","family":"Akiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima City 890-8544 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Health Research Foundation , 15 Morimoto Cho, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-0805 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Foundation , 15 Morimoto Cho, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-0805 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Foundation , 15 Morimoto Cho, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-0805 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100906571616100_ref1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026100906571616100_ref2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Studies on the formation and the morphology of Rontgen-radiation cataract in humans. 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