{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:44:46Z","timestamp":1790282686596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,6]],"date-time":"2014-12-06T04:44:45Z","timestamp":1417841085000},"page":"220-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evaluation of chemical phototoxicity, focusing on phosphorylated histone H2AX"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Yuko","family":"Ibuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsushi","family":"Toyooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Chemical phototoxicity in humans","volume":"69","author":"Epstein","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198530010-00005","article-title":"Photosensitivity due to drugs","volume":"30","author":"Epstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91271-1","article-title":"Cutaneous photosensitivity diseases induced by exogenous agents","volume":"33","author":"Gould","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2008.09.005","article-title":"Generation of phosphorylated histone H2AX by benzene metabolites","volume":"22","author":"Ishihama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2009.03.002","article-title":"Cigarette sidestream smoke induces phosphorylated histone H2AX","volume":"676","author":"Toyooka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.11.002","article-title":"Solar-simulated light-exposed benzo[a]pyrene induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX","volume":"650","author":"Toyooka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800129n","article-title":"UVB-exposed chlorinated bisphenol A generates phosphorylated histone H2AX in human skin cells","volume":"21","author":"Ibuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.10.015","article-title":"Co-exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and UVA induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX","volume":"579","author":"Toyooka","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1021\/es060182i","article-title":"New method for testing phototoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"40","author":"Toyooka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.28","article-title":"Phosphorylation of histone H2AX is a powerful tool for detecting chemical photogenotoxicity","volume":"131","author":"Toyooka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Definition of type I and type II photosensitized oxidation","author":"Foote","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02071.x"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(93)90187-4","article-title":"Phototoxic coumarins in limes","volume":"31","author":"Nigg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct072317","article-title":"Psoralen and ultraviolet A light therapy for psoriasis","volume":"357","author":"Stern","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2006.09.002","article-title":"DNA damage induced by coexposure to PAHs and light","volume":"23","author":"Toyooka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(02)00358-2","article-title":"PAH phototoxicity\u2014an ecologically irrelevant phenomenon?","volume":"44","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar Pollut Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2012.653887","article-title":"Phototoxicity and environmental transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-light-induced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage","volume":"30","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(02)00014-5","article-title":"Coexposure to benzo[a]pyrene plus ultraviolet A induces 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in human skin fibroblasts: preventive effects of anti-oxidant agents","volume":"12","author":"Ibuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20166","article-title":"Coexposure to benzo[a]pyrene and UVA induces DNA damage: first proof of double-strand breaks in a cell-free system","volume":"47","author":"Toyooka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutagen"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C19","article-title":"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the animal testing and marketing ban and on the state of play in relation to alternative methods in the field of cosmetics","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.06.001","article-title":"The 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test: practical experience and implications for phototoxicity testing\u2014the report of an ECVAM-EFPIA workshop","volume":"63","author":"Ceridono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2009.12.001","article-title":"Review of the performance of the 3T3 NRU in vitro phototoxicity assay in the pharmaceutical industry","volume":"63","author":"Lynch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C22","article-title":"Peer Review Panel Evaluation of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Photosafety Assay, Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, National Institute of Health Sciences","author":"JaCVAM"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C23","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay to examine photoreactivity of chemicals","author":"JaCVAM"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C24","first-page":"65","article-title":"Photochemical genotoxicity: principles and test methods","volume":"566","author":"Brendler-Schwaab","year":"2004","journal-title":"Report of a GUM task force. Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2002)075<0437:POMCAR>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Photogenotoxicity of mammalian cells: a review of the different assays for in vitro testing","volume":"75","author":"Meunier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.168","article-title":"Photogenotoxicity of folic acid","volume":"65","author":"Butzbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2012.01.012","article-title":"In vitro genotoxicity of neutral red after photo-activation and metabolic activation in the Ames test, the micronucleus test and the comet assay","volume":"746","author":"Gu\u00e9rard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.04.005","article-title":"Photomicronucleus assay of phototoxic and pseudophotoclastogenic chemicals in human keratinocyte NCTC2544 cells","volume":"723","author":"Horinouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfl192","article-title":"Genetic toxicity assessment: employing the best science for human safety evaluation part III: the comet assay as an alternative to in vitro clastogenicity tests for early drug candidate selection","volume":"97","author":"Witte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2007.04.014","article-title":"The photo comet assay\u2014a fast screening assay for the determination of photogenotoxicity in vitro","volume":"632","author":"Struwe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.11.023","article-title":"Major furocoumarins in grapefruit juice II: phototoxicity, photogenotoxicity, and inhibitory potency vs","volume":"50","author":"Messer","year":"2012","journal-title":"cytochrome P450 3A4 activity. Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(02)00282-4","article-title":"Histone H2A variants H2AX and H2AZ","volume":"12","author":"Redon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5858","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.10.5858","article-title":"DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139","volume":"273","author":"Rogakou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2523","article-title":"\u03b3H2AX and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Bonner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.5.905","article-title":"Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo","volume":"146","author":"Rogakou","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2002)158[0486:QDOIID]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Quantitative detection of (125)IdU-induced DNA double-strand breaks with \u03b3-H2AX antibody","volume":"158","author":"Sedelnikova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42462","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100466200","article-title":"ATM phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to DNA double-strand breaks","volume":"276","author":"Burma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47759","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100569200","article-title":"Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress","volume":"276","author":"Ward","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47759","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100569200","article-title":"Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress","volume":"276","author":"Ward","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00610-2","article-title":"A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage","volume":"10","author":"Paull","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2008.08.003","article-title":"Role of H2AX in DNA damage response and human cancers","volume":"681","author":"Srivastava","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2010.05.009","article-title":"Whole cell-ELISA to measure the \u03b3H2AX response of six aneugens and eight DNA-damaging chemicals","volume":"700","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2010.6","article-title":"\u03b3H2AX: a sensitive molecular marker of DNA damage and repair","volume":"24","author":"Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20426","article-title":"Cytometry of ATM activation and histone H2AX phosphorylation to estimate extent of DNA damage induced by exogenous agents","volume":"71","author":"Tanaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C45","first-page":"4347","article-title":"Expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX as a surrogate of cell killing by drugs that create DNA double-strand breaks","volume":"63","author":"Ban\u00e1th","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl1169","article-title":"An optimized method for detecting \u03b3-H2AX in blood cells reveals a significant interindividual variation in the \u03b3-H2AX response among humans","volume":"35","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1983.18","article-title":"The nature and molecular basis of cutaneous photosensitivity reactions to psoralens and coal tar","volume":"80","author":"Pathak","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6848","article-title":"Photochemical formation of singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O2) in illuminated 6-methylcoumarin solutions","volume":"235","author":"Allen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(86)90050-5","article-title":"Irreversible binding with biological macromolecules and effects in bacterial mutagenicity tests of the radical cation of promethazine and photoactivated promethazine","volume":"57","author":"De Mol","year":"1986","journal-title":"Comparison with chlorpromazine. Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6307","DOI":"10.1021\/es049673y","article-title":"Photosensitizers neutral red (type I) and rose bengal (type II) cause light-dependent toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and induce the Gpxh gene via increased singlet oxygen formation","volume":"38","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(84)90153-4","article-title":"Photoaddition of chlorpromazine to DNA","volume":"51","author":"Kochevar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.6.2516-2522.1987","article-title":"Role of oxygen radicals in the phototoxicity of tetracyclines toward Escherichia coli B","volume":"169","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90599-6","article-title":"The photochemical binding of bithionol to soluble proteins and peptides","volume":"38","author":"Delahanty","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/026119299902700407","article-title":"In vitro alternatives and phototoxicity testing. II. Effects of reactive oxygen species in in vitro phototoxicity assays","volume":"27","author":"Okamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Altern Lab Animals"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.10.006","article-title":"Nonylphenol polyethoxylates induce phosphorylation of histone H2AX","volume":"741","author":"Toyooka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180116093118_RRU105C56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12268","article-title":"Phosphorylation of histone H2AX generated by linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and its suppression by UVB exposure","volume":"90","author":"Kubota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/article-pdf\/56\/2\/220\/23533974\/rru105.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T17:32:00Z","timestamp":1717608720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/article\/56\/2\/220\/2755482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rru105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0449-3060","1349-9157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0449-3060","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9157","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]}}}