{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:36:16Z","timestamp":1775068576000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to correlate the modulation complexity score (MCS) with organ location and to predict potential dose errors for organs before beam delivery for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry. Sixteen head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT were selected. Distribution of the relative dose error on each beam was performed using forward projection to the planned dose to compute the predicted dose after doing per-beam quality assurance. Original organ-specific modulation complexity score (oMCS) was created based on a modified MLC, which depended on organ location. First, MCS was calculated based on the change in leaf position between adjacent MLC leaves. Second, the segment edge map (SEM) calculated from the intensity map for each beam was applied to the calculation volume. The oMCS with segment edge (oMCSedge) was derived from the product of oMCS and SEM. The correlation between the dose errors (planned and predicted) and oMCSedge values was evaluated for the target and organs at risk. We have also expanded the original MCS concept to oMCSedge including the organ location. We observed a moderate correlation between the dose errors and oMCSedge for all organs and volumes of interest except the gross tumor volume, brain stem, and spinal cord. In other organs, a moderate improvement in sensitivity was observed on the SEM, which was correlated with dose errors. Although the implementation of oMCSedge would be impractical for normal clinical settings, it is expected that oMCSedge would help a treatment planner to judge whether or not the treatment plan would be acceptably delivered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]],"date-time":"2017-01-04T04:06:57Z","timestamp":1483502817000},"page":"675-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Organ-specific modulation complexity score for the evaluation of dose delivery"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Iori","family":"Sumida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra J","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 160 E 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Kizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Aboshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Tsujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, NTT West Osaka Hospital, 2-6-40 Karasugatsuji, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-8922, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Tamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Isohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871,Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598248","article-title":"A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions","volume":"25","author":"Low","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598363","article-title":"A software tool for the quantitative evaluation of 3D dose calculation algorithms","volume":"25","author":"Harms","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3276775","article-title":"A new metric for assessing IMRT modulation complexity and plan deliverability","volume":"37","author":"McNiven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071718","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4810969","article-title":"Impact of plan parameters on the dosimetric accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy","volume":"40","author":"Masi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i6.4994","article-title":"Correlation of phantom-based and log file patient-specific QA with complexity scores for VMAT","volume":"15","author":"Agnew","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.08.006","article-title":"A study on the correlation between plan complexity and gamma index analysis in patient specific quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy","volume":"20","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1515\/raon-2016-0008","article-title":"Evaluation of dosimetric effect caused by slowing with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaves for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)","volume":"50","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3633904","article-title":"Moving from gamma passing rates to patient DVH-based QA metrics in pretreatment dose QA","volume":"38","author":"Zhen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i5.4874","article-title":"Three-dimensional dose prediction based on two-dimensional verification measurements for IMRT","volume":"15","author":"Sumida","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4762566","article-title":"Penalization of aperture complexity in inversely planned volumetric modulated arc therapy","volume":"39","author":"Younge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/jicru_ndq008","article-title":"Prescribing, recording and reporting photon-beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Special considerations regarding absorbed-dose and dose\u2013volume prescribing and reporting in IMRT. ICRU Report 83","volume":"10","author":"International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements","year":"2010","journal-title":"J ICRU"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/8\/2597","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of 3D and 2.5D gamma analysis: introducing gamma angle histograms","volume":"58","author":"Sa'd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245","article-title":"Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix","volume":"87","author":"Steiger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071702","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4805105","article-title":"On the use of biomathematical models in patient-specific IMRT dose QA","volume":"40","author":"Zhen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i1.4457","article-title":"Dependency of planned dose perturbation (PDP) on the spatial resolution of MapCHECK 2 detectors","volume":"15","author":"Keeling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2975144","article-title":"Statistical process control for IMRT dosimetric verification","volume":"35","author":"Breen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01740-0","article-title":"The effect of setup uncertainty on normal tissue sparing with IMRT for head-and-neck cancer","volume":"51","author":"Manning","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2020010903192295700_rrw129C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i3.6022","article-title":"Are simple IMRT beams more robust against MLC error? Exploring the impact of MLC errors on planar quality assurance and plan quality for different complexity beams","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Radiation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/article-pdf\/58\/5\/675\/31615109\/rrw129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/article-pdf\/58\/5\/675\/31615109\/rrw129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T14:56:40Z","timestamp":1658329000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrr\/article\/58\/5\/675\/2990252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrr\/rrw129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0449-3060","1349-9157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0449-3060","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-9157","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]}}}