{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:22:17Z","timestamp":1776334937095,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Endobronchial brachytherapy (EBB) is an effective treatment for endobronchial tumors. However, bronchial toxicity caused by over-irradiation remains problematic. To decrease bronchial toxicity, we developed a source-centralizing applicator for EBB. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of EBB with varying reference dose points according to the bronchial diameter, using a source-centralizing applicator. We reviewed 15 patients with endobronchial carcinoma who were treated with curative intent using a combination of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high-dose-rate EBB between 2005 and 2014. During each EBB session, we used a source-centralizing applicator that maintained the source-delivering catheter in the center of the bronchial lumen. Reference dose points were 5\u20137 mm from the source axis, depending on the bronchial diameter. The median radiation doses of EBRT and EBB were 40 Gy in 20 fractions and 18 Gy in 3 fractions, respectively. The median observation period was 36 months. The 3-year overall survival, progression-free survival and local control rates were 79%, 77% and 100%, respectively. Grade 2 radiation pneumonitis was observed in two cases. Bronchial toxicities, such as hemoptysis or the symptoms of chronic bronchitis, were not observed. EBB with varying reference dose points according to bronchial diameter, using a source-centralizing applicator, is a promising procedure that may be effective for tumor elimination and reducing toxicity to the bronchial wall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrx031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T04:22:25Z","timestamp":1496722945000},"page":"849-853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Endobronchial brachytherapy with curative intent: the impact of reference points setting according to the bronchial diameter"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Nomoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Ii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Murashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Matsusaka Central Hospital, 102 Kobou Kawai-machi, Matsusaka, Mie, 515-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasufumi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Matsusaka Central Hospital, 102 Kobou Kawai-machi, Matsusaka, Mie, 515-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Matsusaka Central Hospital, 102 Kobou Kawai-machi, Matsusaka, Mie, 515-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Toyomasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2\u2013174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020010903193224900_rrx031C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2012.10.007","article-title":"High-dose-rate brachytherapy in symptom palliation due to malignant endobronchial obstruction: a quantitative assessment","volume":"12","author":"de Aquino Gorayeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"2020010903193224900_rrx031C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.09.005","article-title":"HDR endobronchial brachytherapy (HDRBT) in the management of advanced lung cancer\u2014comparison of two different dose schedules","volume":"93","author":"Skowronek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2020010903193224900_rrx031C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.4.620","article-title":"Second line palliative endobronchial radiotherapy with HDR Ir 192 in recurrent lung carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Zorlu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2020010903193224900_rrx031C4","first-page":"239","article-title":"The use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy to palliate symptomatic recurrence of previously irriadiated lung cancer","volume":"55","author":"Kubaszewska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"2020010903193224900_rrx031C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00693-3","article-title":"High-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy effectively palliates symptoms due to airway tumors: the 10-year M. 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