{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:22:50Z","timestamp":1790209370007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The specific biological effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) remains unknown even though devices present in our daily lives, such as smartphones and Wi-Fi antennae increase the environmental level of electromagnetic radiation. It is said that the human immune system is able to react to discrete environmental stimuli like EMF. To investigate the effect of 900\u00a0MHz microwave stimulation on the immune system our research aimed to analyze lymphocyte proliferation and observe and assess the basic immunoregulatory activities using a newly developed and improved anechoic chamber. Samples of mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from the blood of healthy donors were exposed to 900\u00a0MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation (20\u00a0V\/m, SAR 0.024\u00a0W\/kg) twice (15\u00a0min each) or left without irradiation (control group). Subsequently, the control and exposed cells were set up to determine several parameters characterizing T cell immunocompetence and monocyte immunogenic activity. Although the microcultures of PBMC exposed to radiofrequency radiation demonstrated higher immunogenic activity of monocytes (LM index) and T-cell response to concanavalin A than control cultures after first exposure, this parameter decreased after a second stimulation. Saturation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor rose significantly after the second day of exposure. On the other hand, response to mitogen dropped after EMF stimulation. The results suggest that PBMC are able to overcome stress caused by mitogens after stimulation with 900\u00a0MHz radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrz085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T12:11:53Z","timestamp":1574943113000},"page":"27-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunotropic effects in cultured human blood mononuclear cells exposed to a 900\u00a0MHz pulse-modulated microwave field"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Sobiczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Cios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Szymanski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Ciepielak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Stankiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microwave Safety, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20660","article-title":"WHO research agenda for radiofrequency fields","volume":"32","author":"van Deventer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Disturbance of the immune system by electromagnetic fields-a potentially underlying cause for cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could lead to disease and impairment","volume":"16","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathophysiol Off J Int Soc Pathophysiol ISP"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/15368370600572961","article-title":"Immunotropic influence of 900 MHz microwave GSM signal on human blood immune cells activated in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electromagn Biol Med"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-ionizing radiation, part 2: Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields","volume":"102","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2013","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum World Health Organ Int Agency Res Cancer"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00328","article-title":"Are exposures to multiple frequencies the key to future radiofrequency research?","volume":"5","author":"Sienkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref6","first-page":"111","article-title":"Immunotropic influence of pulse modulated 1300 MHz microwaves on cultures of lymphocytes and monocytes isolated from the blood of patients with chronic virus B hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Central-European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone (GSM 900\u2009MHz) on electrodermal responsiveness in healthy human","author":"Selmaoui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0955-5","article-title":"The legacy effects of electromagnetic fields on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2020021502593352700_ref9","article-title":"Progress report - CDC issues precautionary warnings &gt;&gt; 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