{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:17:06Z","timestamp":1793128626603,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM148494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM148494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transfer learning improves target model performance by leveraging data from related source populations, especially when target data are scarce. This study addresses the challenge of training high-dimensional regression models with limited target data in the presence of heterogeneous source populations. We focus on a practical setting where only parameter estimates of pretrained source models are available, rather than individual-level source data. For a single source model, we propose a novel angle-based transfer learning (angleTL) method that leverages concordance between source and target model parameters. AngleTL adapts to the signal strength of the target model, unifies several benchmark methods, and mitigates negative transfer when between-population heterogeneity is large. We extend angleTL to incorporate multiple source models, accounting for varying levels of relevance among them. Our high-dimensional asymptotic analysis provides insights into when a source model benefits the target model and demonstrates the superiority of angleTL over other methods. Extensive simulations validate these findings and highlight the feasibility of applying angleTL to transfer genetic risk prediction models across multiple biobanks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jrsssb\/qkae111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T15:23:02Z","timestamp":1731338582000},"page":"723-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Robust angle-based transfer learning in high dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9261-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , 655 Huntington Ave, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0661-8","volume-title":"Spectral analysis of large dimensional random matrices","author":"Bai","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-022-06082-4","article-title":"Reproducibility of prediction models in health services research","volume":"15","author":"Belbasis","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"540","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2021.1904958","article-title":"Individual data protected integrative regression analysis of high-dimensional heterogeneous data","volume":"117","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1214\/18-AOS1798","article-title":"Limiting laws for divergent spiked eigenvalues and largest nonspiked eigenvalue of sample covariance matrices","volume":"48","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1214\/24-AOS2362","article-title":"Transfer learning for functional mean estimation: Phase transition and adaptive algorithms","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s13742\u2013015","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","article-title":"Second-generation plink: Rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"issue":"513","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2015.1123157","article-title":"Constrained maximum likelihood estimation for model calibration using summary-level information from external big data sources","volume":"111","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/10543406.2020.1730877","article-title":"Propensity score-integrated composite likelihood approach for augmenting the control arm of a randomized controlled trial by incorporating real-world data","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1","article-title":"Tutorial: A guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Protocols"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018","article-title":"Support-vector networks","volume":"20","author":"Cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1214\/17-AOS1549","article-title":"High-dimensional asymptotics of prediction: Ridge regression and classification","volume":"46","author":"Dobriban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1214\/14-AOS1257","article-title":"Minimax risk of matrix denoising by singular value thresholding","volume":"42","author":"Donoho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1214\/22-AOS2232","article-title":"Screenot: Exact mse-optimal singular value thresholding in correlated noise","volume":"51","author":"Donoho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B16","author":"Duan","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa044","article-title":"Learning from local to global: An efficient distributed algorithm for modeling time-to-event data","volume":"27","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asab007","article-title":"Heterogeneity-aware and communication-efficient distributed statistical inference","volume":"109","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1214\/23-AOS2319","article-title":"Adaptive and robust multi-task learning","volume":"51","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561-018-9217-4","article-title":"Empirical bayes estimation and prediction using summary-level information from external big data sources adjusting for violations of transportability","volume":"10","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Statistics in Biosciences"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B21","author":"Ganin","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B22","author":"Girshick","year":"2014"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2013.72","article-title":"The electronic medical records and genomics (eMERGE) network: Past, present, and future","volume":"15","author":"Gottesman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics in Medicine"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B24","author":"Gu","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2022.104243","article-title":"Commute: Communication-efficient transfer learning for multi-site risk prediction","volume":"137","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxab017","article-title":"A meta-inference framework to integrate multiple external models into a current study","volume":"24","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1874-1","article-title":"Normalization and variance stabilization of single-cell RNA-seq data using regularized negative binomial regression","volume":"20","author":"Hafemeister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(87)90030-3","article-title":"Non-parametric analysis of a generalized regression model: The maximum rank correlation estimator","volume":"35","author":"Han","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/24754269.2022.2084929","article-title":"A discussion on \u2018a selective review of statistical methods using calibration information from similar studies\u2019 by Qin, Liu and Li","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Statistical Theory and Related Fields"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7","volume-title":"The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction","author":"Hastie","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.5555\/2976456.2976532","article-title":"Correcting sample selection bias by unlabeled data","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-017-9099-3","article-title":"Towards efficiency in rare disease research: What is distinctive and important?","volume":"60","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science China: Life Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm6010002","article-title":"Building the partners healthcare biobank at partners personalized medicine: Informed consent, return of research results, recruitment lessons and operational considerations","volume":"6","author":"Karlson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine"},{"issue":"541","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2021.1933497","article-title":"Estimation of the number of spiked eigenvalues in a covariance matrix by bulk eigenvalue matching analysis","volume":"118","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8935-5_5","article-title":"Minority participation in biobanks: An essential key to progress","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biobanking"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv202","article-title":"Phekb: A catalog and workflow for creating electronic phenotype algorithms for transportability","volume":"23","author":"Kirby","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMIA"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B37","first-page":"54020","article-title":"Multi-task learning with summary statistics","volume":"36","author":"Knight","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asz030","article-title":"Generalized meta-analysis for multiple regression models across studies with disparate covariate information","volume":"106","author":"Kundu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01461-2","article-title":"The metabolic pathways of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides: A current review","volume":"86","author":"Kwiterovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"The American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00783-5","article-title":"The polygenic score catalog as an open database for reproducibility and systematic evaluation","volume":"53","author":"Lambert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOS1190","article-title":"Optimal learning with Q-aggregation","volume":"42","author":"Lecu\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2015.04.006","article-title":"Spectrum estimation: A unified framework for covariance matrix estimation and PCA in large dimensions","volume":"139","author":"Ledoit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1401-5","article-title":"Improving genetic risk prediction by leveraging pleiotropy","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Genetics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1214\/23-AOAS1747","article-title":"Targeting underrepresented populations in precision medicine: A federated transfer learning approach","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Annals of Applied Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12479","article-title":"Transfer learning for high-dimensional linear regression: Prediction, estimation, and minimax optimality","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2022.2044333","article-title":"Transfer learning in large-scale gaussian graphical models with false discovery rate control","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2019.1654913","article-title":"Target population statistical inference with data integration across multiple sources\u2014an approach to mitigate information shortage in rare disease clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B48","author":"Lin","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fate: An industrial grade platform for collaborative learning with data protection","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research: JMLR"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B50","author":"Long","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.12.006","article-title":"Joint analysis of psychiatric disorders increases accuracy of risk prediction for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder","volume":"96","author":"Maier","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7750","article-title":"Effect of varying definitions of hypopnea on the diagnosis and clinical outcomes of sleep-disordered breathing: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mansukhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1325","article-title":"Maximin effects in inhomogeneous large-scale data","volume":"43","author":"Meinshausen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.2003.59.issue-3","article-title":"Latent transition regression for mixed outcomes","volume":"59","author":"Miglioretti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1988","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores derived from varying definitions of depression and risk of depression","volume":"78","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2010.2091281","article-title":"Domain adaptation via transfer component analysis","volume":"22","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219097111","article-title":"Ranking and combining multiple predictors without labeled data","volume":"111","author":"Parisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.10.028","article-title":"A decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with angle-based adaptive penalty","volume":"74","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOS854","article-title":"Exponential screening and optimal rates of sparse estimation","volume":"39","author":"Rigollet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.11.012","article-title":"Prediction of prostate cancer risk: The role of prostate volume and digital rectal examination in the ERSPC risk calculators","volume":"61","author":"Roobol","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/ectj\/utab013","article-title":"Exact computation of maximum rank correlation estimator","volume":"24","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Econometrics Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.122549","article-title":"One hundred years of pleiotropy: A retrospective","volume":"186","author":"Stearns","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2021.104783","article-title":"Sequential estimation of spearman rank correlation using hermite series estimators","volume":"186","author":"Stephanou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"Uk biobank: An open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B65","author":"Sun","year":"2016"},{"issue":"476","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000001366","article-title":"Regression and weighting methods for causal inference using instrumental variables","volume":"101","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asac022","article-title":"Data integration: Exploiting ratios of parameter estimates from a reduced external model","volume":"110","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.12695\/ajtm.2017.10.1.2","article-title":"Indonesian fintech business: New innovations or foster and collaborate in business ecosystems?","volume":"10","author":"Teja","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Asian Journal of Technology Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj131","article-title":"Assessing prostate cancer risk: Results from the prostate cancer prevention trial","volume":"98","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"issue":"544","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2022.2071278","article-title":"Transfer learning under high-dimensional generalized linear models","volume":"118","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B71","author":"Tsybakov","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1080\/10629360600810434","article-title":"Fully conditional specification in multivariate imputation","volume":"76","author":"Van Buuren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.v13.1","article-title":"Use of historical control data for assessing treatment effects in clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Viele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Statistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.09.001","article-title":"Modeling linkage disequilibrium increases accuracy of polygenic risk scores","volume":"97","author":"Vilhj\u00e1lmsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.10.004","article-title":"A note on iterative marginal optimization: A simple algorithm for maximum rank correlation estimation","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-016-0043-6","article-title":"A survey of transfer learning","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Big Data"},{"issue":"45","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd4049","article-title":"Air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1328","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1328","article-title":"Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: Systematic review and critical appraisal","volume":"369","author":"Wynants","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8154","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2021.3112821","article-title":"How to reduce dimension with PCA and random projections?","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s42081-020-00093-w","article-title":"Statistical data integration in survey sampling: A review","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa152","article-title":"Fast and robust ancestry prediction using principal component analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025071319530642200_qkae111-B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asaa014","article-title":"Generalized integration model for improved statistical inference by leveraging external summary data","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biometrika"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article-pdf\/87\/3\/723\/60940713\/qkae111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article-pdf\/87\/3\/723\/60940713\/qkae111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T23:53:13Z","timestamp":1752450793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jrsssb\/article\/87\/3\/723\/7915949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jrsssb\/qkae111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-7412","1467-9868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-7412","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}}}