{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:43:54Z","timestamp":1788554634466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18TR002205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18TR002205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bioelectronic medical approaches to control vagus nerve-to-organ signaling have the potential to treat cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI) and metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Unlike cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), abdominal VNS could provide specific therapeutic control of the GI tract without off-target effects on thoracic organs; however, surgical approaches for abdominal VNS electrode placement are not well established. Moreover, optimal device configurations and additional placement of GI recording electrodes for closed-loop control are largely unknown. We designed VNS cuff and GI planar serosal electrodes and tested placement of these devices in laparoscopic surgery in two cadavers. We determined that electrode positioning on the ventral abdominal vagus nerve and gastric antrum was feasible but other sites, such as the duodenum and proximal stomach, were more difficult. The current investigation can guide potential placement and design of VNS cuff and GI electrodes for development of closed-loop GI therapeutic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjab463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T19:26:04Z","timestamp":1633029964000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Surgical placement of customized abdominal vagus nerve stimulating and gastrointestinal serosal surface recording electrodes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Charles C","family":"Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro-Leads Inc., Somerville, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brook S","family":"Shepard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F","family":"Gourash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan L","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micro-Leads Inc., Somerville, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee E","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bestoun H","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021102219195262500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610379","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.610379","article-title":"Responsive vagus nerve stimulation for drug resistant epilepsy: a review of new features and practical guidance for advanced practice providers","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2021102219195262500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605635113","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"113","author":"Koopman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2021102219195262500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12792","article-title":"Chronic vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn\u2019s disease: a 6-month follow-up pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Bonaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2021102219195262500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13911","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13911","article-title":"A 12-month pilot study outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Sinniger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2021102219195262500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.02.003","article-title":"Effects of vagal neuromodulation on feeding 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