{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:55:59Z","timestamp":1753876559571,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Myeloid sarcoma, and, with it, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), is a rare but important differential diagnosis in the consideration of unilateral nasal blockage. These lesions are often misdiagnosed as lymphoma or poorly differentiated carcinoma. We report the case of a patient with unilateral nasal blockage who underwent Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and biopsy. Histology revealed myeloid sarcoma and she was diagnosed with AML. Genetic testing could not be fully undertaken as the biopsy samples were preserved in formalin, which can degrade the quality of the DNA required for the more sensitive fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3 ITD) test. Given that these levels have a significant impact on treatment decisions, a further biopsy, preserved in saline, was required. This case exemplifies the need for Ear, Nose and Throat clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for this lesion, and a working knowledge of the testing requirements for samples taken.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjab581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1638360987000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unilateral nasal obstruction: a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mairead","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Advani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Schuster-Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, St George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31041-9","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"392","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia tumor: a tale of misnomers, controversy and the unresolved","volume":"47","author":"Shallis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130908801107","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity: a case report","volume":"88","author":"Gorman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat 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cavities that developed during the course of acute myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"50","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815599382","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma of the frontal sinuses","volume":"153","author":"Kieliszak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref9","first-page":"159","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma of the nasal cavity","volume":"40","author":"Prades","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004226","article-title":"NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia: from bench to bedside","volume":"136","author":"Falini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref11","first-page":"Doc03","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: a report of four cases at unusual sites","volume":"9","author":"Siraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404491","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Pileri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00908-z","article-title":"The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2021122823415941800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.60","article-title":"Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: when genetics and environment collide","volume":"17","author":"McNerney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Case 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