{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:06:42Z","timestamp":1753877202364,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is insufficient clinical knowledge about xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) due to biased reporting. This study aims to investigate the incidence of XGC and evaluate the clinical outcome regarding operative time, rate of conversion and intraoperative or postoperative complications. We included 1141 patients who underwent surgery for gallbladder disease between January 2019 and December 2021. Of 1141 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, XGC was seen in 10 (0.87%). The average age is 47 (24\u201381\u00a0years old) with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Biliary pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice are seen in two patients who did ERCP and stenting before surgery. One patient presented with a 4\u00a0cm necrotizing soft-tissue granuloma. The BMI was high, with class I obesity in five patients. Symptoms last from 1 to 12\u00a0weeks. One patient was only diagnosed preoperatively as XGC. Four out of 10 (40%) required more than 72\u00a0h of hospitalization. All patients underwent elective sitting surgery, with eight successfully managed by laparoscopy and one converted to open. The average operative time was 90\u00a0min (43\u2013193\u00a0min), and a postoperative drain was inserted in four patients. The median follow-up is after 24\u00a0months (11\u201330\u00a0months), with no postoperative collection, bleeding, complication or readmission. XGC is a rare benign entity requiring no further action upon incidental discovery. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of management, with the laparoscopic approach considered feasible and safe. Four out of 10 patients might need more than 3 days of hospitalization. In the presence of mass, the frozen section can help guide the management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjac443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T20:35:53Z","timestamp":1663792553000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The incidental finding of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a report of 10 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2022","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8444-7229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman Muaod","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eid","family":"Almasoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0171-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abubakr","family":"Alzwaihiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-016-1511-0","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: analysis of 108 patients","volume":"79","author":"Yucel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2004.03.018","article-title":"Surgical procedures and histopathologic findings for patients with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"199","author":"Kwon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-003-7161-y","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: 15 years' experience","volume":"28","author":"Guzm\u00e1n-Valdivia","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198110000-00007","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"5","author":"Goodman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4166\/kjg.2011.58.3.153","article-title":"A case of perforated xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis presenting as biloma","volume":"58","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000339659","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and treatment options for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"22","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12653","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i44.12653","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma: an analysis of 42 cases","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-012-9381-y","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a report of 39 cases","volume":"64","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/253645","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis masquerading as gallbladder cancer: can it be diagnosed preoperatively?","volume":"2014","author":"Rammohan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(02)00589-2","article-title":"Radiology-pathology conference: xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2387-1","article-title":"Evaluation of surgical treatment for incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: single center results","volume":"10","author":"Utsumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref12","first-page":"31","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: differentiation from associated gall bladder carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Rao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07828-6","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a review of 31 patients","volume":"35","author":"Makimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10166","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i35.10166","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: difficulty in differentiating from gallbladder cancer","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2021.201006","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer: two diseases with difficult differential diagnoses","volume":"32","author":"Akkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2021.01.002","article-title":"Presentation and surgical management of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"20","author":"Frountzas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_1180_19","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking advanced gallbladder carcinoma - analysis of 8 cases","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2021.02.004","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: diagnosis and management","volume":"158","author":"Giudicelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref19","first-page":"279","article-title":"Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis","volume":"11","author":"Takeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2020.0334","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: is surgery difficult? is laparoscopic surgery recommended?","volume":"31","author":"G\u00fcne\u015f","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"2022092120343986800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.158384","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and misdiagnosis analysis","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2022\/9\/rjac443\/45948402\/rjac443.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2022\/9\/rjac443\/45948402\/rjac443.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T20:36:19Z","timestamp":1663792579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjac443\/6706762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjac443","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-8812"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-8812"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"article-number":"rjac443"}}