{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:53:19Z","timestamp":1782283999666,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhabdomyolysis is a triad syndrome of myalgia, muscle weakness and myoglobinuria due to muscle necrosis. Trauma, exertions, strenuous exercise, infections, metabolic and electrolyte disorders, drug overdoses, toxins and genetic defects are the most common causes of rhabdomyolysis. The etiologies of foot drop are diverse. A few cases of rhabdomyolysis-associated foot drop are reported in the literature. We present five patients with foot drop secondary to rhabdomyolysis; two underwent neurolysis and distal nerve transfer (superficial peroneal nerve to the deep peroneal nerve) surgeries and follow-up evaluations. We found five-foot drop patients secondary to rhabdomyolysis among the 1022-foot drop patients who consulted our clinic since 2004, representing a 0.5% incidence. In two patients, rhabdomyolysis was caused by drug overdose and abuse. In the other three patients, the causes were an assault with a hip injury, a prolonged hospitalization due to multiple illnesses, and an unknown cause with compartment syndrome. Pre-operatively, a 35-year-old male patient had aspiration pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis and foot drop resulting from prolonged ICU hospitalization and a medically induced coma due to a drug overdose. The second patient (a 48-year-old male) had no history of trauma but had a sudden onset of right foot drop after compartment syndrome following the insidious onset of rhabdomyolysis. Both patients had difficulty dorsiflexing their involved foot and walked with a steppage gait before surgery. In addition, the 48-year-old patient had foot slapping while walking. However, both patients had strong plantar flexion (5\/5). After 14 and 17\u00a0months of surgery, both patients had improved foot dorsiflexion to an MRC grade of 4\/5 with an improved gait cycle and walked with no or minimal slapping, respectively. Distal motor nerve transfers in the lower limb facilitate faster recovery and less surgical dissection because of the shorter regeneration distance from the donor axons to the targeted motor end plates through residual neural network connections and descending motor signals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjad257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T23:16:15Z","timestamp":1684710975000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Foot drop secondary to rhabdomyolysis: improved foot dorsiflexion and gait after neurolysis and distal nerve transfer\u2014a case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Rahul K","family":"Nath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Somasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2978","article-title":"Bench-to-bedside review: rhabdomyolysis - an overview for clinicians","volume":"9","author":"Huerta-Alard\u00edn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Torres","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24606","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of rhabdomyolysis","volume":"51","author":"Nance","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.krcp.2012.07.005","article-title":"Bilateral gluteal compartment syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in a patient with alcohol intoxication","volume":"31","author":"Young Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.182210","article-title":"Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis in patient with renal failure and underlying undiagnosed hypothyroidism","volume":"20","author":"Ambapkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2013.0168","article-title":"Acute lumbosacral plexopathy from gluteal compartment syndrome after drug abuse: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Mitsiokapa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8003","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i22.8003","article-title":"Rare case of compartment syndrome provoked by inhalation of polyurethane agent: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00868-6","article-title":"A case report of rhabdomyolysis and osteofascial compartment syndrome in a patient with hypothyroidism and diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.907304","article-title":"Acute exertional compartment syndrome with rhabdomyolysis: case report and review of literature","volume":"19","author":"McKinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856211432465","article-title":"Acute anterior compartment syndrome associated with psychogenic polydipsia","volume":"20","author":"Maiocchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref11","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis-induced compartment syndrome secondary to atorvastatin and strenuous exercise","volume":"2017","author":"Dunphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2023052123153819600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.14253\/acn.2020.22.1.19","article-title":"Immobilization-induced rhabdomyolysis patients with peripheral neuropathy: clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. 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