{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:27:47Z","timestamp":1772213267150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (scrofula) is the most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and may mimic malignant or other infectious conditions, especially in elderly patients or those with a prior oncological history. We report the case of an 88-year-old male with a history of treated lymphoma and chronic anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, who presented with a rapidly enlarging cervical mass initially suggestive of malignancy. Cervical ultrasound revealed lymphadenopathies with no thyroid involvement. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) excluded carcinoma and demonstrated caseous-purulent material. Microbiological and cytological analyses confirmed tuberculous lymphadenitis. Antitubercular therapy was initiated with progressive clinical improvement and no recurrence during follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of scrofula, particularly in high-risk populations. FNAC is a valuable diagnostic tool, although repeat procedures or excisional biopsy may be required. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in cases of atypical cervical lymphadenopathy to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf1035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T12:46:38Z","timestamp":1770295598000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scrofula: an uncommon tuberculosis manifestation reappearing in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Musella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bellantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Nutrizione Clinica e Diabetologia, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy\u2014GVM , Via Aurelia 275, Roma, Lazio 00165 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Franzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Schiavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3561-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Ingenito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d , Via Sergio Pansini 5, Napoli, Campania 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022711494991300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_155_23","article-title":"A classic case of scrofula-cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis","volume":"12","author":"Samuel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mycobacteriol"},{"key":"2026022711494991300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.30574\/wjbphs.2023.13.1.0265","article-title":"Overview of 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