{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T03:17:34Z","timestamp":1768965454467,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present seven pediatric cases of open knee synovectomy for tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT)\u2014four diffuse (D-TGCT) and three nodular (N-TGCT). The mean patient age at surgery was 11.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.77\u00a0years. Five cases were diagnosed and treated within the past 2 years, indicating an unusually high incidence of TGCT in our institution. Subtotal synovectomy was performed through an anterior parapatellar approach, while posterior lesions were accessed between the semitendinosus and medial gastrocnemius muscles. The mean follow-up period was 39\u2009\u00b1\u200962.3\u00a0months (minimum 12\u00a0months). No recurrences were detected on follow-up MRI. Six patients regained full knee range of motion, and none exhibited postoperative monoarthritis. These favorable outcomes support open synovectomy as a safe and effective treatment for knee-localized D-TGCT and N-TGCT, especially in cases with posterior or retrocondylar localization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf1113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T12:30:46Z","timestamp":1767357046000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Open synovectomy for treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors of the knee in children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hristo","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia, University Hospital of Orthopedics \u201cProf. B. Boychev\u201d , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0045-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nia","family":"Gecheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia, University Hospital of Orthopedics \u201cProf. B. Boychev\u201d , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Gerchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia, University Hospital of Orthopedics \u201cProf. B. Boychev\u201d , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7627-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Tserovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia, University Hospital of Orthopedics \u201cProf. B. Boychev\u201d , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel-Neno","family":"Nenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8924-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kircho","family":"Patrikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Sofia, University Hospital of Orthopedics \u201cProf. B. Boychev\u201d , Sofia ,","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102491","article-title":"Best clinical management of tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT): a consensus paper from the community of experts","volume":"112","author":"Stacchiotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref2","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"World Health Organization WHO","edition":"4th"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref3","first-page":"731","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis, bursitis and tenosynovitis","volume":"31","author":"Jaffa","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075171","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1075171","article-title":"A rare case of long-term joint swelling caused by pigmented villonodular synovitis in a 3-year-old girl: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.03.006","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in a child: a case report","volume":"17","author":"Hoa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.36347\/sasjs.2022.v08i01.006","article-title":"Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis in a child: about a case","volume":"8","author":"Ramzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAS J Surg"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref7","first-page":"335","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in a 12-month-old girl","volume":"9","author":"Jawadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Taibah Univer Med Sci"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0222-4","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis in pediatric population: review of literature and a case report","volume":"16","author":"Karami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000102","article-title":"Tenosynovial giant cell tumors in children: a similar entity compared with adults","volume":"476","author":"Mastboom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref10","first-page":"90","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis in children: a report of six cases and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Neubauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0236-z","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in skeletally immature patients","volume":"4","author":"Baroni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sycrs.2024.100048","article-title":"Pigmented villonodular synovitis of knee with concomitant partial tear of anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature patient: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Pratamanugroho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06557","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.6557","article-title":"Combined type of nodular and diffuse forms of pigmented villonodular synovitis in a single knee joint of a child","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01367-z","article-title":"MRI of diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumour in the knee: a guide for diagnosis and treatment response assessment","volume":"14","author":"Spierenburg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2026012010283605400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.03.016","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath: open surgery or arthroscopic synovectomy? 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