{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:38:36Z","timestamp":1793407116337,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the larynx are rare malignancies with aggressive behavior, histopathological diversity, and poor prognosis. Their management remains challenging due to limited case reports and the lack of standardized treatment guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to summarize classification, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for laryngeal NECs. Additionally, we present a representative case of a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed with large cell NEC of the larynx, treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, with long-term follow-up. Laryngeal NECs require a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment should be tailored based on tumor grade, stage, and histopathological subtype. Advances in molecular profiling and targeted therapies may improve patient outcomes in the future. Due to their rarity, further prospective studies and international collaborations are needed to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T03:16:48Z","timestamp":1751167008000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx: a review of current literature and case analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Raponi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital , 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Moi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital , 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Perfetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, F. Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Via Caserta 6, 00161, Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Giacinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, F. Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, F. Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero Luigi","family":"Al\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, F. Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, F. Spaziani Hospital, 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Marzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fabrizio Spaziani Hospital , 03100 Frosinone ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-018-0894-6","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx and head and neck: challenges in classification and grading","volume":"12","author":"Perez-Ordo\u00f1ez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0788-z","article-title":"Update from the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumours: what is new in the 2017 WHO blue book for tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space","volume":"11","author":"Gale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155138","article-title":"A comprehensive review on neuroendocrine neoplasms: presentation, pathophysiology and management","volume":"12","author":"Sultana","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194813","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx and pharynx: a clinical and histopathological study","volume":"13","author":"Strojan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21162","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx: an overview","volume":"31","author":"Ferlito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2019.08.002","article-title":"Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx: a comparative analysis","volume":"78","author":"Strojan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.8072","article-title":"Current treatment strategies and future directions for extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas: a review","volume":"7","author":"Stelwagen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26865","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches and outcomes in patients with larynx or hypopharynx high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma: a single-center retrospective analysis","volume":"43","author":"Sousa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2025062823164309500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i26.4174","article-title":"Progress in immunotherapy for neuroendocrine neoplasm of the digestive system","volume":"29","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2025\/6\/rjaf410\/63564634\/rjaf410.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2025\/6\/rjaf410\/63564634\/rjaf410.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1751167009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf410\/8172342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjaf410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-8812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-8812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"article-number":"rjaf410"}}