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Surgical resection with wide margins is the pillar of treatment due to their aggressive nature and relative resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. We report a rare case of primary chondrosarcoma of the posterior mediastinum involving vertebrae presenting with neuropathic pain in a 62-year-old woman. We describe an initial minimally invasive surgical approach and a subsequent open approach for margin extension, achieving negative margins. Few cases of posterior mediastinal chondrosarcomas with vertebral involvement have been reported, and it is essential to continue documenting similar experiences to narrow the knowledge gap on these tumors, especially in infrequent locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjag060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:37:46Z","timestamp":1777376266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rare case of posterior mediastinal chondrosarcoma: a case report and brief literature review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0830-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Los Andes, Faculty of Medicine , Cra 1 N\u00ba 18A- 12, Bogot\u00e1 111711 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Gerardo Garc\u00eda-Herreros","family":"Hellal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Thoracic Surgery Department , Calle 119 # 7-75, Bogot\u00e1 110111 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar Granada","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1, Thoracic Surgery Department , Calle 119 # 7-75, Bogot\u00e1 110111 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Alejandra","family":"Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Bosque, Faculty of Medicine , Av. Cra. 9 No. 131 A - 02, Bogot\u00e1 111321 ,","place":["Colombia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050608272831100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.5.1344","article-title":"Primary mediastinal tumors: part ll. 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