{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:15:37Z","timestamp":1785528937302,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of mature lamellar bone within soft tissues and is most commonly associated with trauma or neurologic injury. Gastrointestinal involvement is exceedingly rare, with only one prior reported case of esophageal HO in association with Barrett\u2019s esophagus. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood but is thought to involve chronic inflammation and dysregulated mesenchymal cell differentiation. We report a rare case of heterotopic ossification of the esophagus identified during the diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Intraoperatively, a firm, foreign body\u2013like structure was encountered at the tumor site and was histologically confirmed as mature heterotopic bone without residual carcinoma. This represents the second reported case of esophageal HO and the first described in association with malignancy. Recognition of this entity is important, as heterotopic bone may complicate surgical dissection and mimic malignant invasion, with potential implications for staging and operative planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjag538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:16:14Z","timestamp":1785323774000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterotopic ossification of the esophagus identified during surgical management of esophageal carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6089-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Gregory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , 1410 NE Campus Parkway, Seattle, WA 98195 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Billings Clinic , 2800 10th Ave N, Billings, MT 59101 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Krenzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Billings Clinic , 2800 10th Ave N, Billings, MT 59101 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073114295060000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116655","article-title":"Pathogenesis of acquired heterotopic ossification: risk factors, cellular mechanisms, and therapeutic implications","volume":"168","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2026073114295060000_ref2","first-page":"666","article-title":"Heterotopic bone formation in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"120","author":"Haque","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026073114295060000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0034-1","article-title":"Identifying the cellular mechanisms leading to heterotopic ossification","volume":"97","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"2026073114295060000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006366","article-title":"Elucidating the mechanism of radiation therapy on mesenchymal cell fate in preventing heterotopic ossification","volume":"282","author":"Hsieh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026073114295060000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2003)159[0345:RISOTB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Radiation-induced suppression of the BMP2 signal transduction pathway in pluripotent mesenchymal cells","volume":"159","author":"Pohl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiat Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2026\/7\/rjag538\/70416551\/rjag538.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article-pdf\/2026\/7\/rjag538\/70416551\/rjag538.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:29:56Z","timestamp":1785522596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jscr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjag538\/8748579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjag538","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-8812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-8812","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"rjag538"}}