{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:45:00Z","timestamp":1793148300228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016945","name":"Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007052","name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cancer Center Support","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Testosterone (T) plays a crucial role in various physiological functions in men, and understanding the variations in T levels during the day is essential for diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency (TD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We sought to evaluate the reduction in serum total T (TT) levels throughout the day in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and to determine the variables having an impact on the extent of this decline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study population consisted of a group of men who within 3\u00a0months of each other had all undergone both early morning and afternoon TT level measurements. We did not include patients with a history of a prior orchiectomy, testosterone levels below 100\u00a0ng\/dL or above 1000\u00a0ng\/dL, a history of androgen deprivation therapy, or patients on T therapy. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlation calculations. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure TT, and a change in TT levels greater than 100\u00a0ng\/dL was considered significant. Using multivariable and univariable analysis, we attempted to define predictors of a decrease in afternoon TT levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The majority of men showed no significant difference in T levels between morning and afternoon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 506 men with a median age of 65\u00a0years were analyzed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Levels of TT were measured in the morning and afternoon, and no significant differences in mean T levels based on the time of the test were found. Age was not significantly associated with T levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a weak negative correlation between age and the difference between morning and afternoon T levels, with younger men showing more significant variations in T levels. The most considerable differences in T levels were observed in men younger than 30 years. There were no predictors of the magnitude of the T decrease in the afternoon.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strengths of the study include the number of subjects and the use of liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry for T measurement. Limitations include failure to measure morning and afternoon T levels on the same day, the retrospective nature of the study, and a smaller sample size of patients younger than 30\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study we found no strong link between age and daily T fluctuation, but we observed a decrease in the magnitude of variation with aging. The group experiencing the most significant decline in daily T had higher morning and consistently normal afternoon T levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T05:18:53Z","timestamp":1710393533000},"page":"408-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of diurnal variation in serum testosterone levels in men with symptoms of testosterone deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4382-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F","family":"Novaes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NewYork, NY 10022 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NewYork, NY 10022 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Benfante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NewYork, NY 10022 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY 10017 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren J","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NewYork, NY 10022 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris J","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY 10017 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Mulhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Program, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , NewYork, NY 10022 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024050206211123100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(76)90118-9","article-title":"LH and FSH responses to luteinizing-releasing hormone in normal, adult, human males","volume":"25","author":"Wollesen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.50.070181.002341","article-title":"Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function","volume":"50","author":"Pierce","year":"1981","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref3","first-page":"53","article-title":"Differential regulation of gonadotropin secretion by testosterone in the human male: absence of a negative feedback effect of testosterone on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion","volume":"86","author":"Hayes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref4","first-page":"2600","article-title":"Aromatization mediates testosterone's short-term feedback restraint of 24-hour endogenously driven and acute exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in young men","volume":"86","author":"Schnorr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050206211123100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01693-9","article-title":"Trinucleotide (CAG) repeat polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of risk for male infertility","volume":"75","author":"Mifsud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024050206211123100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02443.x","article-title":"Sex hormone levels, genetic androgen receptor polymorphism, and anxiety in \u226550-year-old males","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01391.x","article-title":"The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene affects bone density and bone metabolism in healthy males","volume":"55","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02661.x","article-title":"Effects of oral finasteride on erectile function in a rat model","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref9","first-page":"1373","article-title":"MK-386, an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase type 1, reduces dihydrotestosterone concentrations in serum and sebum without affecting dihydrotestosterone concentrations in semen","volume":"82","author":"Schwartz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024050206211123100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02425.x","article-title":"The effects of chronic 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (dutasteride) treatment on rat erectile function","volume":"8","author":"Pinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024050206211123100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361404","article-title":"Paternity by intrauterine insemination with sperm from a man with 5alpha-reductase-2 deficiency","volume":"336","author":"Katz","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00441984","article-title":"Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in a Swedish family","volume":"147","author":"Ivarsson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4170","key":"2024050206211123100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4170.1213","article-title":"Steroid 5alpha-reductase deficiency in man: an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism","volume":"186","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050206211123100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00592.2013","article-title":"Musculoskeletal and prostate effects of combined testosterone and finasteride administration in older hypogonadal men: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"306","author":"Borst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2003.11.005","article-title":"Comparative studies on level of androgens in hair and plasma with premature male-pattern baldness","volume":"34","author":"Bang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050206211123100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.07.001","article-title":"Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) needs to be named appropriately\u2014the importance of accurate terminology","volume":"50","author":"Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024050206211123100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro1167","article-title":"Testosterone deficiency: a common, unrecognized syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Tostain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Urol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024050206211123100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E321","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150262","article-title":"Predicting low testosterone in aging men: a systematic review","volume":"188","author":"Millar","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024050206211123100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.6895","article-title":"Trends in androgen prescribing in the United States, 2001 to 2011","volume":"173","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024050206211123100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10111","article-title":"Global trends in testosterone prescribing, 2000-2011: expanding the spectrum of prescription drug misuse","volume":"199","author":"Handelsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024050206211123100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.73","article-title":"Risks and benefits of testosterone therapy in older men","volume":"9","author":"Spitzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2009.01.008","article-title":"A novel spreadsheet method for calculating the free serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, estrone and cortisol: with illustrative examples from male and female populations","volume":"74","author":"Mazer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-6-1278","article-title":"Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging in normal men","volume":"56","author":"Bremner","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01772.x","article-title":"Diurnal rhythms of serum total, free and bioavailable testosterone and of SHBG in middle-aged men compared with those in young men","volume":"58","author":"Diver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050206211123100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-33-2-186","article-title":"Diurnal cycles in plasma FSH, testosterone and cortisol in men","volume":"33","author":"Faiman","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000180956","article-title":"Age-related changes in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cortisol, testosterone and free testosterone circadian rhythms in adult men","volume":"29","author":"Montanini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00120.x","article-title":"Circadian variation in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and calculated non-sex hormone-binding globulin bound testosterone in healthy young and elderly men","volume":"10","author":"Plymate","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050206211123100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.03.115","article-title":"Evaluation and management of testosterone deficiency: AUA guideline","volume":"200","author":"Mulhall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2354","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"95","author":"Bhasin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024050206211123100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022251","article-title":"Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring","volume":"350","author":"Rhoden","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"2024050206211123100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981458","article-title":"Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)--technique and applications in endocrinology","volume":"115","author":"Vogeser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024050206211123100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90028-8","article-title":"An examination of research design effects on the association of testosterone and male aging: results of a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Gray","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-6-1118","article-title":"The effects of aging in normal men on bioavailable testosterone and luteinizing hormone secretion: response to clomiphene citrate","volume":"65","author":"Tenover","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050206211123100_ref34","first-page":"499","article-title":"Age differences in serum androgen levels in normal adult males","volume":"53","author":"Purifoy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref35","first-page":"171","article-title":"Age related changes in free plasma testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol","volume":"80","author":"Pirke","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050206211123100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01964.x","article-title":"Changes in the pituitary-testicular system with age","volume":"5","author":"Baker","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-39-1-40","article-title":"Further studies on Leydig cell function in old age","volume":"39","author":"Rubens","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050206211123100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(72)90088-X","article-title":"Some studies on the biological significance of free testosterone","volume":"3","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.085","article-title":"Validity of midday total testosterone levels in older men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"192","author":"Welliver","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050206211123100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07022.x","article-title":"The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population","volume":"100","author":"Crawford","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050206211123100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-51-3-508","article-title":"The influence of age, alcohol consumption, and body build on gonadal function in men","volume":"51","author":"Sparrow","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024050206211123100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-4-676","article-title":"Reproductive functions in young fathers and grandfathers","volume":"55","author":"Nieschlag","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024050206211123100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-51-1-35","article-title":"Reproductive hormones in aging men. I. Measurement of sex steroids, basal luteinizing hormone, and Leydig cell response to human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"51","author":"Harman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024050206211123100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7219","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"86","author":"Harman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05051.x","article-title":"Are published normal ranges of serum testosterone too high? Results of a cross-sectional survey of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone in healthy men","volume":"94","author":"Boyce","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024050206211123100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1902","article-title":"The effect of diurnal variation on clinical measurement of serum testosterone and other sex hormone levels in men","volume":"94","author":"Brambilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024050206211123100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M163","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.6.M163","article-title":"Age-related alterations in the circadian rhythms of pulsatile luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in healthy men","volume":"43","author":"Tenover","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gerontol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/21\/5\/408\/57359421\/qdae026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/21\/5\/408\/57359421\/qdae026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T06:21:49Z","timestamp":1714630909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/21\/5\/408\/7627959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6095","1743-6109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]}}}