{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:59:39Z","timestamp":1769572779585,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a prevalent condition with a constellation of symptoms including burning, dryness, dyspareunia, and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms that result from vulvovaginal atrophic changes. Though hormonal therapy is a mainstay of treatment in GSM, some patients may pursue nonhormonal therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation of the vaginal canal with the MorpheusV applicator in reducing the symptoms of GSM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a multicenter prospective case series of women with GSM as confirmed by Vaginal Health Index Score (VHIS). Subjects received 3 treatments of radiofrequency ablation ~4\u00a0weeks apart with follow-up to 6-month posttreatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary endpoint was VHIS at 6-month posttreatment. Secondary endpoints were VHIS at 3 months, Visual analog scale (VAS) pain with each treatment, 3- and 6-month measurements of urogenital distress inventory-6 (UDI-6), and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2021 to 2023, 71 women were enrolled in the study with 51 followed to the 6-month follow-up time point. Treatments were found to be low in VAS pain score with mean values of 2.13 \u00b1 2.1, 2.55 \u00b1 2.38, and 2.18 \u00b1 2.14 at treatments 1, 2, and 3 respectively. An improvement in VHIS score was seen from baseline to 3 months after the last treatment (15.00 \u00b1 5.37 vs. 19.62 \u00b1 4.44) and sustained at 6 months (20.23 \u00b1 4.12) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Significant improvements in both UDI-6 and FSFI were also noted. Between baseline and 6 months after treatment (FSFI: 18.81 \u00b1 9.57 vs. 22.81 \u00b1 10.34, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; UDI-6: 39.58 \u00b1 15.98 vs. 22.42 \u00b1 14.03, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). No adverse events were encountered by any subject during this study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A therapy that is safe and effective in the treatment of both GSM and lower urinary tract symptoms without the use of hormonal methods is clinically impactful for the many patients who cannot receive or do not desire to receive these medications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths and limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strengths of this study include the utilization of 3 treatment sessions, with follow-up of subjects to 6-month posttreatment with a comprehensive assessment of patient symptoms. Limitations include the unblinded nature of the study and the lack of a comparator group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The data from this study suggests that radiofrequency ablation of the vaginal canal by the MorpheusV applicator is a safe and effective intervention for GSM. It also shows subjective improvements in stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, and sexual function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T03:02:46Z","timestamp":1730775766000},"page":"51-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of radiofrequency ablation of the vaginal canal for genitourinary syndrome of menopause"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rodger","family":"Rothenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of OB\/GYN & Women\u2019s Health , Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, , 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"The University of Louisville Medical Center , Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, , 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Kopinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Center for Female Pelvic Health and Sexual Wellness , 2121 East Coast Hwy, Suite #200, Corona Del Mar, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Dell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Female Pelvic Medicine , 10133 Sherrill Blvd, Suite 100, Knoxville, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miklos and Moore Urogynecology and Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery , 11975 Morris Road, Suite 140, Alpharetta, GA 30005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Miklos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miklos and Moore Urogynecology and Cosmetic Vaginal Surgery , 11975 Morris Road, Suite 140, Alpharetta, GA 30005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mickey","family":"Karram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, The Christ Hospital , 6939 Cox Rd, Suite 271, Liberty Township, OH ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2025010313203853900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001609","article-title":"The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of the North American Menopause Society","volume":"27","author":"The NAMS 2020 GSM Position Statement Editorial Panel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010313203853900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.32563","article-title":"Comparison of severity of genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms after carbon dioxide laser vs vaginal Estrogen therapy a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010313203853900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001260","article-title":"The burden of vulvovaginal atrophy on women\u2019s daily living: Implications on quality of life from a face-to-face real-life survey","volume":"26","author":"Nappi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010313203853900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001500","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001500.pub3","article-title":"Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women (review)","volume":"2016","author":"Lethaby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025010313203853900_ref5","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010313203853900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdac053","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of fractional CO2 laser treatment to the vestibule: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, prospective 3-site clinical study in women with vestibular pain","volume":"20","author":"Goldstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010313203853900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.12.010","article-title":"CO2-laser therapy and genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Filippini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010313203853900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.05.005","article-title":"Vaginal epithelial histology before and after fractional CO2 laser in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trial","volume":"229","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025010313203853900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14892","article-title":"Effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser vs sham treatment on symptom severity in women with postmenopausal vaginal symptoms: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"326","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010313203853900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010132","article-title":"Emerging use of vaginal laser to treat genitourinary syndrome of menopause for breast cancer survivors: a review","volume":"59","author":"Jugulyte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010313203853900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25170","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and short-term efficacy of transvaginal fractional bipolar radiofrequency therapy for symptoms of stress and or mixed incontinence in conjunction with genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"42","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010313203853900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.55706","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and the false promise of vaginal laser therapy","volume":"6","author":"Gunter","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010313203853900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog4909212","article-title":"The efficacy of fractional CO 2 laser in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause\u00a0: a large prospective observational study","volume":"49","author":"Di","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010313203853900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.07.045","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: an overview of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"215","author":"Gandhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010313203853900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000526","article-title":"Vaginal Estrogen for genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"124","author":"Rahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025010313203853900_ref16","first-page":"148","article-title":"Urodynamic characterization of postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence: retrospective study in incontinent pre- and post-menopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Hyun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Menopause"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010313203853900_ref17","first-page":"235","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"10","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"2025010313203853900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-023-01406-6","article-title":"Visual analogue scale cut-off point of seven represents poor quality of life in patients with endometriosis","volume":"31","author":"Andres","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025010313203853900_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.772690","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of laser therapy for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause\u00a0: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"3","author":"","journal-title":"Front Reprod Health"},{"issue":"988","key":"2025010313203853900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2019.988","article-title":"A systematic review of laser therapy for vulvovaginal atrophy \/ genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors","volume":"13","author":"Knight","year":"2019","journal-title":"eCancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010313203853900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.14740\/jcgo729","article-title":"Prospective study of fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy for symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause\u00a0: one-year follow-up","volume":"10","author":"Schachar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/22\/1\/51\/60412496\/qdae133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/22\/1\/51\/60412496\/qdae133.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:20:49Z","timestamp":1735910449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/22\/1\/51\/7874881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6095","1743-6109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]}}}