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Choking\/strangulation history during partnered sexual activities was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture. Data from 32 female participants (median 21.5\u00a0years old [IQR 20-24]) were available for analysis: 15 with a history of recent, frequent partnered strangulation exposure and 17 without any history of partnered sexual strangulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum levels of 5 blood biomarkers for brain injury were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S100B) and single-molecule array digital immunoassay (neurofilament light, tau, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group differences for the 5 biomarkers were examined using 1-way multivariate analysis of covariance, adjusting for age and alcohol use. We observed a significant multivariate effect of group, Pillai\u2019s trace\u2009=\u20090.485, F(5, 24)\u2009=\u20094.235, P\u2009=\u2009.007, \u03b72\u2009=\u20090.47. Univariate results indicated that female college students who were recently, frequently strangled during partnered sexual activities exhibited elevated S100B levels compared to their peers who had never engaged in this partnered sexual behavior, F(1,28)\u2009=\u200911.165, P\u2009=\u2009.002, \u03b72\u2009=\u20090.29.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Engaging in this partnered sexual behavior may elicit neuroinflammation, with unknown long-term consequences for brain health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengths include the recruitment of a novel population, as this investigation was the first of its kind to examine neurobiological correlates of repetitive exposure to partnered sexual strangulation. Another strength is the panel of 5 blood biomarkers that were assessed, providing information from multiple cell types and pathophysiological processes. Limitations were the relatively small sample size and the cross-sectional design, which prevents causal inference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adult women with a history of recent, frequent experience being strangled by a sexual partner exhibited higher serum S100B, an astrocyte-enriched protein, compared to their biomarkers, meriting future work to determine a causal mechanism between partnered sexual strangulation and neuroinflammatory processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdaf036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:29:39Z","timestamp":1740468579000},"page":"961-970","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association of blood biomarkers for neural injury with recent, frequent exposure to partnered sexual strangulation in young adult 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