{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:59:51Z","timestamp":1780484391655,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007131","name":"Texas Tech University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is a new construct defined in the International Classification of Diseases. Problematic pornography use (PPU) is a common presentation. Prior studies have demonstrated genetic bases of sexual behavior using twin samples. However, these studies have failed to report outcomes for PPU indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an analysis on twin data that included measures of PPU, pornography use, moral disapproval of pornography use, and past 30-day masturbation frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data were derived from a larger study piloting a community panel approach to twin research. Specifically, we partnered with YouGov to sample community members from across the United States who identified as having a same-sex twin. We then employed a large survey battery to twin identifying members. Participants were provided with bonus remuneration (~$25 USD) if both twins participated in the survey. Data were cross-checked to ensure demographic indicators were consistent (age, sex assigned at birth). We gathered k\u2009=\u200932 monozygotic female dyads, k\u2009=\u200921 dizygotic female dyads, k\u2009=\u200925 monozygotic male dyads, and k\u2009=\u200923 dizygotic male twin dyads (grand n\u2009=\u2009202) with data fit for analyses. All outcomes were stratified by sex assigned at birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brief pornography screen, pornography use frequency, moral disapproval of pornography use, and past 30-day masturbation frequency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In all cases, within-dyad intraclass correlations for monozygotic twins trended stronger than their dizygotic counterparts. Falconer\u2019s ACE estimates suggested genetic factors accounted for 50% of PPU for males and 74% for females. Genetic estimates were much lower for moral disapproval and were split for pornography and masturbation frequency (trending stronger in males relative to females).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Funding bodies should support basic biological research for PPU to help identify biologically based interventions that could eventually be employed in treatment. Counseling interventions are likely the best approach for presentations defined by moral incongruence to pornography use (as genetics appeared to have a weak basis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the only twin study to demonstrate evidence of a genetic basis for PPU. This is also the first study to implement a community panel sampling design to twin research. While this methodology is novel it is also untested, we are limited by not having twin registry support for our indicators (to our knowledge, none exist for our outcomes). We were also limited by our relatively small samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPU, pornography use frequency, moral disapproval of pornography use, masturbation frequency, and many other sexual behaviors have genetic and environmental underpinnings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdaf358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T12:54:40Z","timestamp":1765025680000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pilot evidence of genetic and environmental contributions to problematic pornography use, pornography use frequency, and moral disapproval to pornography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4436-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C","family":"Borgogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35233 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L","family":"Aita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Whiddon College of Medicine at the University of South Alabama , Mobile, AL 36688 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane W","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89514 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010506124697300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.013","article-title":"Diverse sexual Behaviors and pornography use: findings from a nationally representative probability survey of Americans aged 18 to 60 years","volume":"17","author":"Herbenick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026010506124697300_ref2","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","edition":"11th"},{"key":"2026010506124697300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/26929953.2024.2386518","article-title":"What is the \u201csex\u201d in sex addiction? 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