{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:30:57Z","timestamp":1771036257793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011015","name":"International Society of Travel Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cooperative Agreement","award":["U50CK00189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK00189"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program","award":["734584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKV infections among international travellers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveller characteristics, and assess ZIKV diagnostic testing by site.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Records with an international travel-related diagnosis of confirmed or probable ZIKV from January 2012 through December 2019 reported to GeoSentinel with a recorded illness onset date were included to show reported cases over time. Records from March 2016 through December 2019 with an exposure region of the Americas or the Caribbean were included in the descriptive analysis. A survey was conducted to assess the availability, accessibility and utilization of ZIKV diagnostic tests at GeoSentinel sites.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GeoSentinel sites reported 525 ZIKV cases from 2012 through 2019. Between 2012 and 2014, eight cases were reported, and all were acquired in Asia or Oceania. After 2014, most cases were acquired in the Americas or the Caribbean, a large decline in ZIKV cases occurred in 2018\u201319.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Between March 2016 and December 2019, 423 patients acquired ZIKV in the Americas or the Caribbean, peak reporting to these regions occurred in 2016 [330 cases (78%)]. The median age was 36\u00a0years (range: 3\u201392); 63% were female. The most frequent region of exposure was the Caribbean (60%). Thirteen travellers were pregnant during or after travel; one had a sexually acquired ZIKV infection. There was one case of fetal anomaly and two travellers with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. GeoSentinel sites reported various challenges to diagnose ZIKV effectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ZIKV should remain a consideration for travellers returning from areas with risk of ZIKV transmission. Travellers should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare providers to ensure ZIKV prevention measures are taken.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T19:10:36Z","timestamp":1587409836000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Zika among international travellers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, 2012\u20132019: implications for clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kristina M","family":"Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4538-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhett J","family":"Stoney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaelle","family":"Brun-Cottan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Leder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Monash University, 300 Grattan St, Parkville 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin P","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Health Services, 10101 Southport Rd SW, Calgary AB T2W 3N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bottieau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Schlagenhauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers\u2019 Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge and Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noreen A","family":"Hynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Perret","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank P","family":"Mockenhaupt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Augustenburger Pl. 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, PROSICS, Campus de la UAB, Pla\u00e7a C\u00edvica, 08193, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Crespillo-And\u00fajar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical and Travel Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Malvy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, and Inserm 1219, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue L\u00e9o Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Caumes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 47-83 Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Plourde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, Townsville 4811, Australia"},{"name":"Worldwise Travellers\u2019 Health Centres, 18 Saint Marks Road, Remuera, Auckland 1050, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Piper-Jenks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HRH Care, 1037 Main St, Peekskill, NY 10566, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley A","family":"Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The New York Center for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davidson H","family":"Hamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, One Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Wilder-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, University of Umea, Petrus Laestadius V\u00e4g, 901 87, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department for Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00320-2","article-title":"Zika virus and microcephaly: why is this situation a PHEIC?","volume":"387","author":"Heymann","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00072-15","article-title":"Zika virus","volume":"29","author":"Musso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805715","article-title":"Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia","volume":"360","author":"Duffy","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22401","article-title":"Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas","volume":"546","author":"Faria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2019.101512","article-title":"Was Zika introduced to Brazil by participants at the 2013 Beach Soccer World Cup held in Tahiti: a phylogeographical analysis","volume":"32","author":"Le Hingrat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw059","article-title":"Estimated global exportations of Zika virus infections via travellers from Brazil from 2014 to 2015","volume":"23","author":"Quam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.420","article-title":"Zika virus in Asia","volume":"54","author":"Duong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay044","article-title":"Zika in travellers 1947-2017: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0029","article-title":"Zika virus infection acquired during brief travel to Indonesia","volume":"89","author":"Kwong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.07.001","article-title":"Zika virus infection in two travelers returning from an epidemic area to Italy, 2016: algorithm for diagnosis and recommendations","volume":"14","author":"Calleri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30270-5","article-title":"Potential for Zika virus introduction and transmission in resource-limited countries in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region: a modelling study","volume":"16","author":"Bogoch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002157","article-title":"How relevant is sexual transmission of Zika virus?","volume":"13","author":"Althaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.07.002","article-title":"Non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Grischott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185689","article-title":"Zika beyond the Americas: travelers as sentinels of Zika virus transmission. A GeoSentinel analysis, 2012 to 2016","volume":"12","author":"Leder","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19006","article-title":"Birth defects among fetuses and infants of US women with evidence of possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy","volume":"317","author":"Honein","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy073","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy073","article-title":"Asymptomatic prenatal Zika virus infection and congenital Zika syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Paixao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref17","first-page":"101543","article-title":"Characteristics of Zika virus infection among international travelers: a prospective study from a Spanish referral unit","author":"Crespillo-And\u00fajar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay139","article-title":"Sentinel surveillance in travel medicine: 20 years of GeoSentinel publications (1999-2018)","volume":"25","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1842","article-title":"Travel-associated Zika virus disease acquired in the Americas through February 2016: a GeoSentinel analysis","volume":"166","author":"Hamer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.10.010","article-title":"Incidence of Zika virus infection in a prospective cohort of Belgian travellers to the Americas in 2016","volume":"78","author":"Huits","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.45.1900655","article-title":"Vector-borne transmission of Zika virus in Europe, southern France, Augsut 2019","volume":"24","author":"Giron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurv"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.018","article-title":"Travel surveillance and genomics uncover a hidden Zika outbreak during the waning epidemic","volume":"178","author":"Grubaugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz077","article-title":"Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya during pregnancy: pre- and post-travel advice and clinical management","volume":"26","author":"Vouga","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.161292","article-title":"et\u00a0al.","volume":"23","author":"Lammert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref25","article-title":"Caring for pregnant women","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz062","article-title":"Severe dengue in travellers: pathogenesis, risk, and clinical management","volume":"26","author":"Halstead","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay095","article-title":"Zika virus and sexual transmission: updated preconception guidance","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020071411224626200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix678","article-title":"Innovative and new approaches to laboratory diagnosis of Zika and dengue: a meeting report","volume":"217","author":"Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Travel Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa061\/33379924\/taaa061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/taaa061\/33494682\/taaa061.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/taaa061\/33494682\/taaa061.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T15:35:32Z","timestamp":1594740932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa061\/5824831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaa061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1195-1982","1708-8305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1195-1982","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]]},"article-number":"taaa061"}}