{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:39:11Z","timestamp":1771573151423,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Little is known about the awareness of travellers with diabetes about the health effects of international travel. This study aimed to design and validate a questionnaire to examine the travel health knowledge, attitudes and practices of people living with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A set of 74 items based on a conceptual framework analysis underwent revision and its content validity was established. Items were grouped into three domains. A development study was conducted to establish evidence regarding their factorial structure. A construct validation study was then conducted in which the retained items were tested in an independent sample using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four factors emerged from our development study and were labelled as pre-travel preparation\u2014insect bites, pre-travel preparation\u2014consultation, insulin and glycaemic control and travel risk behaviour. A CFA confirmed the factorial structure identified in the development study in an independent sample. Each factor loading had a significant (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u00a00.001) loading of at least 0.4. The factor correlations ranged between 0.1 and 0.6, indicating good discriminant validity. The highest mean domain score in our sample of 268 participants related to insulin and glycaemic control (6.45), followed by travel risk behaviour (5.21) and pre-travel preparation (4.15).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This valid questionnaire for measuring the degree of preparedness of travellers with type 1 diabetes may prove a useful tool in studies involving travellers with type1 diabetes. Our results suggest that improvements are needed in relation to timely pre-travel consultation and screening for diabetic complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T19:11:58Z","timestamp":1593717118000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Travellers with type 1 diabetes: questionnaire development and descriptive analysis of knowledge and practices"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Gerard T","family":"Flaherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan Wei","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Finn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lokman Hakim","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Noone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, 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