{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:17:35Z","timestamp":1790234255453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Yellow fever (YF) causes high fever, liver dysfunction, renal failure, hypercoagulopathy and platelet dysfunction and can lead to shock and death with a case-fatality ratio of 20\u201350%. YF vaccination results in long-lasting protective immunity. Serious adverse events (SAEs), such as YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) are rare. We present a case of a 56-year-old Caucasian man with fever, headache, cognitive problems at the emergency department. He received a primary YF vaccination 4\u00a0weeks prior to symptom onset. Cerebrospinal fluid tested positive (POS) for YF virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and confirmed diagnosis of YEL-AND. The patient recovered with symptomatic treatment. We reviewed published clinical reports on YEL-AND indexed for MEDLINE. We identified and analyzed 53 case reports. Forty-five patients were male and eight were female. Twenty-nine cases met criteria for definite YEL-AND and twenty-four for suspected YEL-AND according to YF Vaccine Safety Working Group. We applied the Brighton Collaboration diagnostic criteria to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical diagnoses and found meningoencephalitis in 38 reported YEL-AND cases, Guillain Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (GBS) in seven, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in six and myelitis in five. Thirty-five patients recovered or improved; however, not all cases had a complete follow-up. The prognosis of YEL-AND presenting with GBS, ADEM or myelitis was poor. Fourteen patients received therapy (corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and\/or plasmapheresis). In conclusion, YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease is a very rare but SAE after YF vaccination. We described a case of YEL-AND and propose a standardized clinical workup of this condition based on a review of the literature. Centralized registration of complications of YF vaccination is encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T19:09:29Z","timestamp":1600628969000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A clinician\u2019s perspective on yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Elien","family":"Lecomte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital of Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Domingo Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses- ZBS-1, Robert Koch Institute, Seestra\u03b2e 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Van Esbroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8803-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Huits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110901125541800_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Yellow fever vaccine: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)","volume":"59","author":"Staples","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2020110901125541800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz040","article-title":"Severe yellow fever in Brazil: clinical characteristics and management","volume":"26","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2020110901125541800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.09.002","article-title":"Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (yel-and)\u2014a case report","volume":"51","author":"Florczak-Wyspia\u0144ska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir 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