{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:55:31Z","timestamp":1782320131932,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2006, the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) decided recommending a prolongation of vaccine booster intervals after the third dose for the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) from 3 to 10\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To ascertain whether this amendment resulted in an increased rate of vaccine breakthroughs, we conducted a retrospective analysis of surveillance data collected 2000\u201319 by mandatory reporting to the Swiss FOPH. Fractions of breakthroughs [with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)]\u20140\u20133\u00a0years vs &amp;gt;3\u201310\u00a0years after the third vaccination dose\u2014were compared across time periods and age groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 3205 notified TBE cases, known vaccination status was reported in 2562 (79.9%), including 103 patients with \u22653 vaccine doses (4.0%). Among those, there were 39 patients who had received the last dose within 3\u00a0years and 48 patients in the &amp;gt;3\u201310\u00a0years group. During the 2010\u201319 period in which the new booster strategy was implemented there were 23 and 38 breakthroughs, respectively, and the annual breakthrough rate was 7.7 (95% CI 5.0\u201311.7) cases during the first 3\u00a0years after the last dose, and 5.4 (95% CI 3.9\u20137.5) cases in following 7\u00a0years. We observed no significant trend of TBE breakthroughs with increasing age. Increasing numbers of TBE and of vaccine breakthroughs over time have been associated with spreading endemicity and higher vaccination coverage in Switzerland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is no indication that extended booster intervals resulted in an increased rate of breakthroughs, but there was a marked public health benefit with respect to increased acceptability of TBE immunization in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T10:05:49Z","timestamp":1632823549000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Switzerland: does the prolongation of vaccine booster intervals result in an increased risk of breakthroughs?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Axel J","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Division, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, 3003 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehardt","family":"Altpeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Division, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, 3003 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Diseases Division, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, 3003 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Traveller's Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref1","volume-title":"Vaccination plan Austria","author":"Federal Ministry of Social Affairs (Austria)","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref2","first-page":"w13725","article-title":"Tick related diseases in Switzerland, 2008 to 2011","volume":"143","author":"Altpeter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549111260S212","article-title":"The Swiss National Vaccination Coverage Survey, 2005-2007","volume":"126","author":"Lang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004536","article-title":"Der Impfschutz gegen die Zeckenenzephalitis h\u00e4lt viel l\u00e4nger als bisher angenommen. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) \u2014 antibody titers and long-term immunity","volume":"84","author":"Kind","year":"2008","journal-title":"Z Allg Med"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.4414\/saez.2004.10416","article-title":"Wie viele Auffrischimpfungen sind notwendig gegen die Zeckenenzephalitis FSME","volume":"85","author":"Kind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schweizerische \u00c4rztezeitung"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref6","first-page":"231","article-title":"Erfahrungen mit Titermessungen zur Impfschutzkontrolle bei der Zeckenenzephalitis FSME","volume":"5","author":"Kind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref7","first-page":"101779","article-title":"Can the booster interval for the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine \u2018FSME-IMMUN\u2019 be prolonged? \u2014 a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Steffen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref8","first-page":"225","article-title":"Recommendations for TBE vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Federal Office of Public Health FOPH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref9","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases and vaccinations: TBE, or \u2018tick vaccine\u2019","author":"Finnish Institute for health and welfare","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.072","article-title":"Irregular tick-borne encephalitis vaccination schedules: the effect of a single catch-up vaccination with FSME-IMMUN. A prospective non-interventional study","volume":"32","author":"Schosser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref11","first-page":"12","article-title":"TBE\u2014expansion of regions at risk","volume":"6","author":"Federal Office of Public Health FOPH","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.10.022","article-title":"Analysis of tick-borne encephalitis vaccination coverage and compliance in adults in Switzerland, 2018","volume":"38","author":"Baroutsou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taaa180","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa180","article-title":"Travel restrictions and lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic-impact on notified infectious diseases in Switzerland","volume":"27","author":"Steffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref14","article-title":"Impact of COVID on notifiable diseases","volume":"30","author":"Federal Office of Public Health FOPH","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20756","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.13.20756","article-title":"Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in Switzerland, 2005 to 2011","volume":"19","author":"Schuler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1024\/0040-5930.62.11.719","article-title":"Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Switzerland 1984 to 2004","volume":"62","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ther Umsch"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz176","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine failures: a 10-year retrospective study supporting the rationale for adding an extra priming dose in individuals starting at age 50 years","volume":"70","author":"Hansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.12.001","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccination breakthrough infections in Germany: a retrospective analysis from 2001 to 2018","volume":"26","author":"Dobler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8020042","article-title":"Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Germany, 2001\u20132018","volume":"8","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1730246","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis foci in Northeast Italy revealed by combined virus detection in ticks, serosurvey on goats and human cases","volume":"9","author":"Alfano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2022032516095722600_ref21","volume-title":"ECDC. 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