{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:05Z","timestamp":1788347945327,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe the main characteristics of migrants diagnosed with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection within the +Redivi Spanish network.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with a diagnosis of HTLV type 1 or 2 in +Redivi from October 2009 to December 2020 were included. Diagnosis was based on positive HTLV serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)\/chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)) with line immunoassay (LIA)\/Western blot with\/without polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 107\/17\u2009007 cases (0.6%) had a final diagnosis of HTLV infection: 83 (77.67%) HTLV-1 infections, 6 (5.6%) HTLV-2 infections and 18 (16.8%) non-specified. The majority (76, 71%) were female, median age was 42\u00a0years and median time from arrival to Spain until consultation was 10\u00a0years. The group included 100 (93.5%) immigrants and 7 (6.6%) visiting friends and relatives (VFR)-immigrants. Most patients were from South America (71, 66.4%), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (15, 14%) and Central America-Caribbean (13, 12.1%). Around 90% of patients were asymptomatic at presentation and diagnosed as part of screening programs. Median duration of follow-up was 5\u00a0years (IQR 2\u20137). Regarding HTLV-associated conditions, 90 patients (84.2%) had none, 7 (6.5%) had tropical spastic paraparesis , 5 (4.7%) had other associated conditions (dermatitis, uveitis, pulmonary disease), 3 (2.8%) had other neurological symptoms and 2 (1.9%) had adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma. No patients with HTLV-2 had HTLV-associated conditions. Four patients (3.7%) died. Concomitant diagnoses were found in 41 (38.3%) patients, including strongyloidiasis in 15 (14%) and HIV co-infection in 4 (3.7%). In 70% of patients, screening of potential contacts was not performed\/recorded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HTLV infections (the majority due to HTLV-1) were mainly diagnosed in asymptomatic migrants from Latin America (generally long-settled immigrants and the majority female with the consequent implications for screening\/prevention). A high rate of association with strongyloidiasis was found. In the majority, screening of potential contacts was not performed, representing a missed opportunity for decreasing the under diagnosis of this infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T20:11:46Z","timestamp":1644437506000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Frequency and characteristics of HTLV in migrants: results from the +Redivi collaborative network in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca F","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gull\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"D\u00edaz-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Centre for Imported Tropical diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azucena","family":"Rodriguez-Guardado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asturias Central University Hospital, Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valencia General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Henriquez-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josune","family":"Goikoetxea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Bosch-Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"de la Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Centre for Imported Tropical diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose-Manuel","family":"Ramos-Rincon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Luisa","family":"Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Medicina Tropical y Salut Internacional Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Pe\u00f1aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Son Espases University Hospital, Islas Baleares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Suarez-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infanta Sof\u00eda University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A","family":"P\u00e9rez-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"L\u00f3pez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022030713364468500_ref1","author":"WHO Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022030713364468500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir031","article-title":"HTLV-2B strains, similar to those found in several Amerindian tribes, are endemic in central African Bakola pygmies","volume":"203","author":"Maucl\u00e8re","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect 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