{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T19:49:21Z","timestamp":1782071361862,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIBER\u2014Consorcio Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red","award":["CB 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB 2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in prevention and management strategies for malaria globally. Currently, data analysing trends in travel-related infections during the pandemic years are scarce. The objective of this analysis was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with imported malaria within the +Redivi network in Spain, focusing on yearly trends from pre-pandemic years to date.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cases recorded in +Redivi from October 2009 to December 2021 were analysed and patients with a diagnosis of malaria (standard diagnostic methods using thick\/thin peripheral blood smears, with\/without a malaria rapid diagnostic test and\/or Plasmodium spp. polymerase chain reaction) were identified. The total number of malaria cases, cases according to type of patient and severe cases, per year, were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 1751 cases of malaria (1751\/26\u2009601, 6.6%) were identified. The majority occurred in males (1041, 59.5%), median age was 36.3 (interquartile range: 27\u201344.7) years and most occurred in visiting friends and relatives (VFR)-immigrants (872, 49.8%). Most infections were acquired in sub-Saharan Africa (1.660, 94.8%) and were due to Plasmodium falciparum (81.3%). There were 64 cases of severe malaria (3.7%) and 4 patients died (0.2% mortality, all in pre-pandemic years). A significant increase in cases of severe malaria was observed during the study period (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) (attributable to the increase in 2021). There were 16\/93 severe cases in 2021 (17.2%), all due to Plasmodium falciparum, (compared with \u2264\u20095% in previous years), which mainly occurred in travellers and VFR-immigrants (10\/16, 62.5% and 5\/16, 31.3%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After an initial decline associated with travel restrictions due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in imported malaria and a significant increase in cases of severe malaria was observed. Patients with imported malaria may present and\/or be diagnosed late during this public health crisis and health care professionals should be alerted to the recent increase in severe cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T10:59:21Z","timestamp":1658746761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Trends in imported malaria during the COVID-19 pandemic, Spain (+Redivi Collaborative Network)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca F","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases , Infectious Diseases Department. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Trevi\u00f1o-Maruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Medicina Tropical y Salut Internacional Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes , Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Ruiz Giard\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuenlabrada University Hospital , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Gull\u00f3n-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases , Infectious Diseases Department. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Medicina Tropical y Salut Internacional Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes , Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"D\u00edaz-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases , Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital , University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azucena","family":"Rodriguez-Guardado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asturias Central University Hospital , Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itxaso","family":"Lombide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basurto University Hospital , Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12 de Octubre University Hospital , Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Torr\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alicante General University Hospital , Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josune","family":"Goikoetxea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cruces University Hospital , Barakaldo, Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valencia General University Hospital , Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A","family":"P\u00e9rez-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases , Infectious Diseases Department. Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the +Redivi Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/6c551ba0-en","volume-title":"World malaria report 2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-02469-8","article-title":"How COVID is derailing the fight against HIV, TB and malaria","volume":"597","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa180","article-title":"Travel restrictions and lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic-impact on notified infectious diseases in Switzerland","volume":"27","author":"Steffen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020880","article-title":"A model to estimate the effect of international traffic on malaria cases: the case of Japan from 1999 to 2021","volume":"19","author":"Noda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref5","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria in returning travellers in Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Lieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6502a3","article-title":"Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of malaria among travelers returning from Africa during the Ebola epidemic--United States, 2014-2015","volume":"65","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab159","article-title":"Pandemic-related delay of falciparum malaria diagnosis in a traveller leading to cerebral malaria","volume":"28","author":"Schubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab393","article-title":"Late-presenting Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a Non-endemic setting during COVID-19 travel restrictions","author":"Robben","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref9","article-title":"Robert Koch's Infectious Disease Surveillance Group. 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Imported malaria in Spain (2009-2016): results from the +REDIVI Collaborative Network","volume":"16","author":"Norman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac019","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of HTLV in migrants: Results from the +Redivi collaborative network in Spain","author":"Norman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax035","article-title":"+Redivi Study Group. 6-year review of +Redivi: a prospective registry of imported infectious diseases in Spain","volume":"24","author":"P\u00e9rez-Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref14","author":"United Nations World Tourism Organization"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref15","author":"United Nations World Tourism Organization"},{"key":"2022101005164444500_ref16","volume-title":"ECDC. 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