{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:05:45Z","timestamp":1768259145583,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Infectious Diseases Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the epidemiology of encephalitis varies from one country to another, international travel may be an important clue for the diagnostic workout of this puzzling disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed an ancillary study using the ENCEIF prospective cohort conducted in 62 clinical sites in France from 2016 to 2019. All cases of encephalitis in adults that fulfilled a case definition derived from the International Encephalitis Consortium were included. Travellers were defined as patients who spent at least one night in a foreign country within the last six months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 494 encephalitis patients enrolled, 69 (14%) were travellers. As compared to non-travellers, they were younger (median age, 48\u00a0years [interquartile range, 36\u201369] vs 66 [49\u201376], P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), less likely to be immunocompromised: 2\/69 (3%) vs 56\/425 (13%), P\u2009=\u20090.02, and reported more arthralgia: 7\/69 (10%) vs 11\/425 (3%), P\u2009=\u20090.007. The risk of poor outcome at hospital discharge (Glasgow outcome scale \u22643), was similar for travellers and for non-travellers after adjustment (aOR 0.80 [0.36\u20131.80], P\u00a0=\u20090.594). Arboviruses were the main causes of encephalitis in travellers: 15\/69 (22%) vs 20\/425 (5%) in non-travellers, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001, and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was the second (9\/69, 13%). Of note, in 19% (13\/69) of cases, the risk of encephalitis in travellers may have been decreased with a vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two primary causes of encephalitis in travellers are arboviruses and HSV. Empirical treatment of encephalitis in travellers must include acyclovir. Pre-travel advice and vaccination may decrease the risk of encephalitis in travellers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T14:23:28Z","timestamp":1670077408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Encephalitis in travellers: a prospective multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Picard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Rennes 1, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et R\u00e9animation M\u00e9dicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire , Rennes , France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Mailles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, Direction des Maladies Infectieuses , Saint-Maurice , France"},{"name":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infectious 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