{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:15:58Z","timestamp":1783152958540,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Drug tourism reflects the expanding illicit drug market, posing health risks in unfamiliar travel settings. Existing knowledge specifically addressing substance use among international travellers is sparse and has not been reviewed to date. This review aimed to describe the recreational substance abuse in international travellers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus using keywords related to recreational substances and international travellers. A total of 11\u2009021 articles were reviewed, charted and summarized for the evidence on prevalence, patterns and characteristics of substance abuse and their health- and non-health-related problems on international travellers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 58 articles were included. Most were cross-sectional studies and review articles. In total, 20 articles addressed the prevalence of substance abuse in travellers, 33 looked at characteristics and patterns of substance abuse in travellers and 39 investigated the health- and non-health-related problems from substance abuse. Estimated prevalence of recreational substances abuse varied from 0.7% to 55.0%. Rates of substances abuse were 9.45\u201334.5% for cannabis, 20.4\u201335.9% for alcohol intoxication, 2.82\u201340.5% for MDMA, 2\u201322.2% for cocaine, 2\u201315% for psychedelic agents and 2% for methamphetamine. The prevalence varied according to travellers\u2019 characteristics and travel destinations. Direct health problems included neuropsychiatric problems. Indirect problems included accident and unintentional injuries, crime and violence, risky sexual behaviours and sexual violence and blood-borne infections. Non-health-related problems included air rage, deportation and violation of local laws.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Substance abuse among international travellers is an underestimated problem that requires intervention. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing this issue to mitigate both health and well-being problems among travellers whilst promoting safer and more responsible travel experiences. In the context of travel health practices, practitioners should counsel travellers whose itineraries may include substance abuse, informing them about associated risks and consequences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T05:56:42Z","timestamp":1705471002000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Recreational substance use among international travellers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakarn","family":"Charoensakulchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Travel Clinic , Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"},{"name":"Mahidol University , Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manasvin","family":"Onwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Social Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, , Ongkarak, Nakorn-nayok 26120 , Thailand"},{"name":"Srinakharinwirot University , Faculty of Medicine, , Ongkarak, Nakorn-nayok 26120 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukrit","family":"Kanchanasurakit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"University of Phayao , Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"University of Phayao , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and Integration (UNICORN) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"University of Phayao , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Phayao 56000 , Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Care , Department of Pharmacy, Phrae Hospital, Phrae 54000 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Flaherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway , Galway , Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur 57000 , Malaysia"},{"name":"Travel Medicine Research Unit , Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"},{"name":"Mahidol University , Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7165-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasin","family":"Matsee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Travel Clinic , Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"},{"name":"Mahidol University , Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"},{"name":"Travel Medicine Research Unit , Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"},{"name":"Mahidol University , Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, , Bangkok 10400 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref1","author":"United Nationas Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Reflecting on drug tourism and its future challenges","volume":"10","author":"Pereira TFPD","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Tour Hosp Recreat"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tax068","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax068","article-title":"The highs and lows of drug tourism: a travel medicine perspective","volume":"24","author":"Flaherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref4","first-page":"188","article-title":"Drug tourism: general overview, case studies and new perspectives in the contemporary world","volume":"7","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Tour Hosp Recreat"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/14766825.2021.1960853","article-title":"From escape to seeking: understanding drug tourists","volume":"20","author":"Bing\u00f6l","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Tour Cult Chang"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2017.1335736","article-title":"Categorization of psychoactive substances into \u201chard drugs\u201d and \u201csoft drugs\u201d: a critical review of terminology used in current scientific literature","volume":"43","author":"Janik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2010.00489.x","article-title":"Substance use, violence, and unintentional injury in young holidaymakers visiting Mediterranean destinations","volume":"18","author":"Hughes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1300\/J251v08n02_02","article-title":"Substance abuse and international travel","volume":"8","author":"Lange","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1199","article-title":"Observational study on the consumption of recreational drugs and alcohol by Swiss travellers","volume":"14","author":"Klunge-de Luze","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2000.00002","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric problems in 2,500 long-term young travellers to the tropics","volume":"7","author":"Potasman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2005.12406","article-title":"Drug abuse in travellers to Southeast Asia: an on-site study","volume":"12","author":"Segev","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(95)90086-B","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity in travellers to Honolulu","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hawaii Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(00)00053-0","article-title":"Ibiza uncovered: changes in substance use and sexual behaviour amongst young people visiting an international night-life resort","volume":"11","author":"Bellis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1159\/000189786","article-title":"Relative contributions of holiday location and nationality to changes in recreational drug taking behaviour: a natural experiment in the Balearic Islands","volume":"15","author":"Bellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-1","article-title":"Effects of backpacking holidays in Australia on alcohol, tobacco and drug use of UK residents","volume":"7","author":"Bellis","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn080","article-title":"Predictors of violence in young tourists: a comparative study of British, German and Spanish holidaymakers","volume":"18","author":"Hughes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2004.01.004","article-title":"Elevated substance use in casual labour at international nightlife resorts: a case control study","volume":"15","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti122","article-title":"Risky sexual behaviors associated with recreational drug use among men who have sex with men in an international resort area: challenges and opportunities","volume":"82","author":"Darrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000218862.34644.0e","article-title":"Substance use, medications for sexual facilitation, and sexual risk behavior among traveling men who have sex with men","volume":"33","author":"Benotsch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001207","article-title":"Sex abroad among men who have sex with men and its association with Chemsex, sexual risk behavior, and sexually transmitted diseases: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands","volume":"47","author":"Evers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2004.17047","article-title":"High rates of substance abuse among long-term travellers to the tropics: an interventional study","volume":"11","author":"Paz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2011.02.002","article-title":"Excessive alcohol consumption increases risk taking behaviour in travellers to Cusco","volume":"9","author":"Cabada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peru Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref23","first-page":"314","article-title":"Spirituality, drugs, and tourism: tourists\u2019 and shamans\u2019 experiences of ayahuasca in Iquitos","volume":"41","author":"Prayag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Peru Tour Recreat Res"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-008-9033-8","article-title":"Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico: an overview","volume":"62","author":"Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econ Bot"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102206","article-title":"Ayahuasca and the traveller: a scoping review of risks and possible benefits","volume":"44","author":"Houle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(92)90020-R","article-title":"Psychoactive mushroom use in Koh Samui and Koh Pha-Ngan, Thailand","volume":"35","author":"Allen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taz098","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz098","article-title":"Cannabis tourist destinations: risk for vulnerable travellers with pre-existing mental disorders","volume":"27","author":"Bonny-Noach","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taac117","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac117","article-title":"Post-pandemic cannabis and gambling policy changes to attract tourists may lead to future health problems and costs","volume":"30","author":"Bonny-Noach","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3727\/154427219X15561098338303","article-title":"Is cannabis tourism deviant? A theoretical perspective","volume":"23","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tour Rev Int"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2023.29.3.269","article-title":"Sentiment and topic Modeling analysis on twitter reveals concerns over cannabis-containing food after cannabis legalization in Thailand","volume":"29","author":"Lerksuthirat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthc Inform Res"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tay106","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay106","article-title":"Tuning into the travel health risks of music tourism","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.110819","article-title":"Fentanyl, heroin, and methamphetamine-based counterfeit pills sold at tourist-oriented pharmacies in Mexico: an ethnographic and drug checking study","volume":"249","author":"Friedman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.008501","article-title":"Foreign travel associated with increased sexual risk-taking, alcohol and drug use among UK university students: a cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Vivancos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10051","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph111010051","article-title":"Work hard, party harder: drug use and sexual behaviour in young British casual workers in Ibiza, Spain","volume":"11","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/02614360600834958","article-title":"Cannabis usage in tourism: SA sociological perspective","volume":"26","author":"Belhassen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287504272024","article-title":"Drugs and tourists\u2019 experiences","volume":"43","author":"Uriely","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Travel Res"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-7049-1","article-title":"Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of substance use in a university-student sample in Turkey","volume":"54","author":"Ilhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1201116","article-title":"Drinking, drug use, and related consequences among university students completing study abroad experiences: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Aresi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1756853","article-title":"Changes in cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis use among US college students studying abroad","volume":"55","author":"Firth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref40","first-page":"287","article-title":"Swedish exchange students' alcohol use, drug use, risky sexual behaviour, mental health, and self-rated health: a follow-up study","volume":"40","author":"Danehorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nordisk Alkohol Nark"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2001.24019","article-title":"Psychiatric problems in returning travellers: features and associations","volume":"8","author":"Beny","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taad088","article-title":"Injuries and medical emergencies among international travellers.","volume":"31","author":"Potin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.01.002","article-title":"Ayahuasca: a risk for travellers?","volume":"21","author":"Bauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.07.011","article-title":"Road traffic and other unintentional injuries among travellers to developing countries","volume":"100","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2002.30168","article-title":"Unintentional injury during foreign travel","volume":"9","author":"McInnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9823","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189823","article-title":"Drinking and night-time driving may increase the risk of severe health outcomes: a 5-year retrospective study of traffic injuries among international travellers at a university hospital emergency center in Thailand","volume":"18","author":"Sapsirisavat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tav031","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tav031","article-title":"International travellers and unintentional fatal drowning in Australia\u2014a 10 year review 2002\u201312","volume":"23","author":"Peden","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2023.100050","article-title":"The characteristics of drowning among different types of international visitors to Australia and how this contributes to their drowning risk","volume":"47","author":"Willcox-Pidgeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.03.002","article-title":"A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of factors associated with sexual risk-taking during international travel","volume":"24","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2021.1950733","article-title":"Sexual violence victimization among American college students studying abroad","volume":"71","author":"Pedersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-007-9054-8","article-title":"Sexual risk behavior in men attending Mardi Gras celebrations in New Orleans","volume":"32","author":"Benotsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Louisiana J Community Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2005.06.010","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections and HIV among travellers: a review","volume":"4","author":"Richens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121249","article-title":"HIV, other blood-borne viruses and sexually transmitted infections amongst expatriates and travellers to low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2006.00069.x","article-title":"Risk of exposure to hepatitis B and other blood-borne viruses among Australians who travel abroad","volume":"13","author":"Streeton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.08.018","article-title":"Hepatitis B immunization coverage and risk behaviour among Danish travellers: are immunization strategies based on single journey itineraries rational?","volume":"59","author":"Nielsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1310-3","article-title":"Systematic review of the toxicological and radiological features of body packing","volume":"130","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref57","first-page":"100418","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of air rage incidents aboard international commercial flights, 2000\u20132020","volume":"11","author":"Coyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Res Interdiscip"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3926\/jairm.156","article-title":"\u201cAir rage\u201d: a systematic review of research on disruptive airline passenger behaviour 1985-2020","volume":"10","author":"McLinton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Airline Airport Manag"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(02)00271-X","article-title":"Healthy nightclubs and recreational substance use: from a harm minimisation to a healthy settings approach","volume":"27","author":"Bellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihac014","article-title":"Transportation of therapeutic and controlled drugs across international borders: a descriptive analysis of information available to travellers","volume":"15","author":"Kissane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref61","article-title":"Revisiting Thailand's cannabis legislation.","volume":"30","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(98)00052-1","article-title":"An analysis of the sexual, alcohol and drug related behavioural patterns of students on spring break","volume":"19","author":"Josiam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tour Manag"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref63","article-title":"Sexual scripts and risk-taking of Canadian university students on spring break in Daytona Beach, Florida","volume":"4","author":"Mewhinney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can J Hum Sex"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii9","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.045732","article-title":"Recreational drugs and their neurological consequences","volume":"75","author":"Enevoldson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.05.022","article-title":"Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction","volume":"56","author":"Volkow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010273","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.121.010273","article-title":"Stimulant drugs of abuse and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"15","author":"Dominic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000234","article-title":"Illicit drug use and its association with sexual risk behaviour among MSM: more questions than answers?","volume":"29","author":"Melendez-Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(99)00034-5","article-title":"International tourists and road safety in Australia: developing a national research and management programme","volume":"20","author":"Wilks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tour Mag"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref69","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13159","article-title":"Extent of alcohol prohibition in civil policy in Muslim majority countries: the impact of globalization","volume":"111","author":"Al-Ansari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2014.07.007","article-title":"Travelling with medications and medical equipment across international borders","volume":"12","author":"Mutie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024060421024746100_ref72","volume-title":"Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide","author":"Tintinalli","year":"2019","edition":"9th"}],"container-title":["Journal of Travel Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taae012\/56629759\/taae012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/taae012\/58064000\/taae012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/taae012\/58064000\/taae012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T01:26:57Z","timestamp":1717550817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taae012\/7571401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taae012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1195-1982","1708-8305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1195-1982","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"article-number":"taae012"}}