{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T03:24:34Z","timestamp":1792207474186,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Rationale for Review<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Travel-related skin problems are a common reason for healthcare consultations. We present a clinical approach to diagnosing skin diseases in travellers, emphasizing clinical examination and epidemiological clues such as travel history, incubation time and at-risk behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Skin problems or manifestations of systemic infections are the third most common health issue encountered by travellers, though their causes and frequency may vary based on the season and destination. The four most frequent skin conditions affecting travellers include arthropod bites, sunburns, hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) and bacterial skin and soft tissue infections. Dengue fever is the leading cause of febrile exanthema in travellers returning from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, while hookworm-related CLM is the most common cause of creeping dermatitis. Notable travel-related infections associated with pruritus include cercarial dermatitis, scabies, creeping dermatitis and urticaria. Acute schistosomiasis is the most common parasitic cause of acute urticaria in travellers. African tick-bite fever is the most frequently encountered rickettsiosis, typically presenting with single or multiple eschars.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diagnostic approaches emphasize the importance of travel history, at-risk activities during travel and lesion distribution. At-risk activities include sun exposure, walking barefoot, exposure to sea and fresh water, hiking in forested or jungle areas, exposure frequency to mosquitoes and sandflies, poor hygiene and food intake, drug history and sexual behaviour. Morphological characteristics (vesicula, bullae, pustule, papule, nodule, plaque, oedema and ulcer), distinguishing between single and multiple skin lesions, localized or generalized, and whether mucosa, scalp, palmar or plantar surfaces are affected, provide further clinical clues. Systemic signs and symptoms such as fever and pruritus will aid in the differential diagnosis algorithms. With a thorough clinical assessment and knowledge of geographic and exposure-related risk factors, the differential diagnosis of travel-associated skin conditions can be narrowed down allowing for timely clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taae142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T18:57:34Z","timestamp":1730487454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Approach to skin problems in travellers: clinical and epidemiological clues"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Annika B","family":"Wilder-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich , Faculty of Medicine, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, Z\u00fcrich 8006,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Caumes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases , Sorbonne University, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013, Paris,","place":["France"]},{"name":"School of Medicine , College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Costello road, H91 TK33, Galway,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024121419501518000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051331","article-title":"Spectrum of disease and relation to place of exposure among ill returned travelers","volume":"354","author":"Freedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024121419501518000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1682-0","article-title":"Travelers\u2019 health problems and behavior: prospective study with post-travel 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