{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:20:20Z","timestamp":1789600820561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre"},{"name":"NHMRC Investigator","award":["APP1193826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1193826"]}]},{"name":"University of Queensland\u2019s Amplify Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Japanese encephalitis virus is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, with high case-fatality rate and morbidity. Although the live recombinant Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (Imojev\u00ae) offers strong initial immunity, data on long-term efficacy beyond 5\u00a0years remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study on adults vaccinated with Imojev\u00ae at a specialist travel clinic in Brisbane, Australia. Participants were stratified based on the time since vaccination: 2\u20135\u00a0years and\u2009&amp;gt;5\u00a0years. Neutralizing antibody titres were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50), with titres \u226510 indicating seropositivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 103 participants, 47 were vaccinated 2\u20135\u00a0years prior and 56 were vaccinated \u22655\u00a0years prior to enrolment. All participants vaccinated within 5\u00a0years remain seropositive, whilst 52 of 56 (92.9%) vaccinated \u22655\u00a0years ago were seropositive. Four participants (7.1%) were seronegative post-vaccination, with time since vaccination ranging from 5 to 9\u00a0years. These seronegative individuals were vaccinated a median of 9.2\u00a0years ago, compared to 5.1\u00a0years for seropositive participants (P-value\u2009=\u20090.037). Aside from time since vaccination, no other factors (e.g. age, sex) were associated with seronegativity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Imojev\u00ae provides durable immunity, with seropositivity exceeding 90% up to 10\u00a0years post-vaccination. However, waning immunity in a small proportion of individuals suggests that booster doses may be beneficial for high-risk travellers vaccinated over 5\u00a0years ago.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T16:24:08Z","timestamp":1737476648000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-term immunogenicity of a single-dose live recombinant chimeric Japanese encephalitis vaccine in adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Deborah J","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Gyawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirupama A","family":"Nammunige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Deb The Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor J","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen L","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Furuya-Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031205243264900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51027","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51027","article-title":"Estimates of the global burden of Japanese encephalitis and the impact of vaccination from 2000-2015","volume":"9","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025031205243264900_ref2","first-page":"191","article-title":"Viral encephalitis in Southeast Asia","volume":"2","author":"Solomon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol Infect Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025031205243264900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1947.s1-27.727","article-title":"Sequelse of Japanese B encephalitis","volume":"27","author":"Simpson","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025031205243264900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7060085","article-title":"The emergence of Japanese encephalitis in Australia and the implications for a vaccination strategy. 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