{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:12:47Z","timestamp":1773299567374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018370","name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Therapy of acute schistosomiasis in travellers currently relies on poorly consistent combinations of corticosteroids and praziquantel. In a cluster of travellers recently infected with Schistosoma mattheei \u00d7 Schistosoma haematobium hybrids during a trip to South Africa in 2017, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of short methylprednisolone cycles to suppress early symptoms and of a single-day praziquantel\/methylprednisolone administration at well-defined time lapses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Symptomatic patients seen during the early phase, 4 to 5\u00a0weeks (week 4\u20135) after infection, were given oral methylprednisolone 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg once daily in one or more cycles of three consecutive days until symptoms abated. Patients were seen again at week 7\u20138 to be given praziquantel 40\u00a0mg\/kg in two divided doses 2\u00a0hours apart, followed by a single dose of oral methylprednisolone 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg 2 hours later to prevent symptom exacerbation. All patients were reevaluated for symptoms and infection at week 12\u201314, using serum circulating anodic antigen (CAA) as a marker of active infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 34 infected individuals were longitudinally followed up. Of these, 21 patients with symptoms at presentation (week 4\u20135) were given methylprednisolone. Symptoms abated during the first three-day\u00a0cycle in 15\/21 (71%), during the second cycle in another 4\/21 (19%), and during the third cycle in the remaining 2\/21 (10%). All 34 participants were treated with the praziquantel\/steroid combination at week 7\u20138; 9 (26%) had mild symptoms of short duration. Only 4 (12%) developed fever and needed 1 or 2 additional days of steroids. At week 12\u201314, serum CAA remained detectable in only one of the 34 participants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In most patients, a single three-day course of methylprednisolone was sufficient to suppress symptoms of acute schistosomiasis. Only few patients experienced short lived symptom exacerbation after taking a single-day praziquantel and methylprednisolone combination at 7\u20138\u00a0weeks following exposure. Infection was cleared in almost all cases 4\u20136\u00a0weeks later.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T08:22:57Z","timestamp":1751530977000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute schistosomiasis in travellers: outcomes of a short-course therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Clerinx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ula","family":"Maniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Van Den Broucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Soentjens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liselotte","family":"Cnops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Van Esbroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5868-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bottieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp , Belgium; 155, Nationalestraat; 2000 Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.05.009","article-title":"New insights on acute and chronic schistosomiasis: do we need a redefinition?","volume":"36","author":"Gobbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2010.11.002","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in travellers and migrants","volume":"9","author":"Clerinx","year":"2011","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.07.022","article-title":"Imported Katayama fever: clinical and biological features at presentation and during treatment","volume":"52","author":"Bottieau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0084","article-title":"Case report: myocarditis during acute schistosomiasis in two travelers","volume":"82","author":"Epelboin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.964","article-title":"Acute neuroschistosomiasis: two cases associated with cerebral vasculitis","volume":"76","author":"Jaur\u00e9guiberry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12187","article-title":"Acute schistosomiasis: a risk underestimated by travelers and a diagnosis frequently missed by general practitioners - a cluster analysis of 42 travelers","volume":"22","author":"Rochat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taab101","article-title":"Improving the diagnosis and management of acute schistosomiasis with antibody, antigen and molecular techniques: lessons from a cluster of six travellers","volume":"28","author":"Camprub\u00ed-Ferrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taad118","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in returning travellers and migrants: gaps and research priorities","volume":"30","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00080-X","article-title":"Consensus definitions in imported human schistosomiasis: a GeoSentinel and TropNet Delphi study","volume":"10","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00561.x","article-title":"Clinical management of acute schistosomiasis: still challenging!","volume":"18","author":"Jaur\u00e9guiberry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.814","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel during the incubation and invasive phase of Schistosoma haematobium schistosomiasis in 18 travelers","volume":"74","author":"Grandi\u00e8re-P\u00e9rez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060113","article-title":"Early neuroschistosomiasis complicating Katayama syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Clerinx","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.018","article-title":"Early complicated schistosomiasis in a returning traveller: ky contribution of new molecular diagnostic methods","volume":"79","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02050-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in non-endemic areas: Italian consensus recommendations for screening, diagnosis and management","volume":"51","author":"Comelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7064.1071","article-title":"Katayama fever: An acute manifestation of schistosomiasis","volume":"313","author":"Doherty","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70053-1","article-title":"Katayama syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Ross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03131.x","article-title":"Acute schistosomiasis, a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge","volume":"16","author":"Jaur\u00e9guiberry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa312","article-title":"Acute schistosomiasis with a Schistosoma mattheei \u00d7 Schistosoma haematobium hybrid species in a cluster of 34 travelers infected in South Africa","volume":"72","author":"Cnops","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102053","article-title":"Early diagnosis and follow-up of acute schistosomiasis in a cluster of infected Belgian travellers by detection of antibodies and circulating anodic antigen (CAA): a diagnostic evaluation study","volume":"41","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011008","article-title":"Limited efficacy of repeated praziquantel treatment in Schistosoma mansoni infections as revealed by highly accurate diagnostics, PCR and UCP-LF CAA (RePST trial)","volume":"16","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaa238","article-title":"Acute schistosomiasis in paediatric travellers and comparison with their companion adults","volume":"28","author":"Rabinowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz050","article-title":"High-dose or multi-day praziquantel for imported schistosomiasis? A systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Cucchetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.9.1561","article-title":"Plasma levels of praziquantel decrease when dexamethasone is given simultaneouslyn","volume":"37","author":"Vazquez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03189418","article-title":"Serum concentrations and renal excretion after oral administration of praziquantel - results of three different methods","volume":"4","author":"Patzschke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6202.1396","article-title":"Praziquantel: A new schistosomicide against Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"2","author":"McMahon","year":"1979","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00877-07","article-title":"Up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for detection of Schistosoma circulating anodic antigen in serum","volume":"46","author":"Corstjens","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0759-x","article-title":"A controlled human Schistosoma mansoni infection model to advance novel drugs, vaccines and diagnostics","volume":"26","author":"Langenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3303-x","article-title":"Improved diagnosis of active Schistosoma infection in travellers and migrants using the ultra-sensitive in-house lateral flow test for detection of circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum","volume":"37","author":"Van Grootveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref29","article-title":"Antigen-based diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in travellers: a prospective study","volume":"27","author":"Casacuberta-Partal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2025100302014074500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02719-4","article-title":"Antimalarial artesunate\u2013mefloquine versus praziquantel in African children with schistosomiasis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Bottieau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Travel Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaf065\/63654535\/taaf065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/32\/6\/taaf065\/63654535\/taaf065.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/32\/6\/taaf065\/63654535\/taaf065.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T06:01:53Z","timestamp":1759471313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaf065\/8183362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaf065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1195-1982","1708-8305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1195-1982","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"article-number":"taaf065"}}