{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:24:50Z","timestamp":1759537490681,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon Europe grant ESCAPE","award":["101095619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101095619"]}]},{"name":"EU Horizon 2020","award":["H2020\u2013874850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020\u2013874850"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"BMGF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-034281 and INV-009125\/OPP1157270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-034281 and INV-009125\/OPP1157270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001125","name":"Gavi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226727_Z_22_Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226727_Z_22_Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Commission under the EU4Health","award":["101102733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101102733"]}]},{"name":"INCEPTION","award":["PIA\/ANR16-CONV-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIA\/ANR16-CONV-0005"]}]},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Symptoms range from mild fever to severe complications such as jaundice and haemorrhages, which can be fatal. Martinique, a French island in the Caribbean, has remained YF-free since 1908. However, the reintroduction of A. aegypti in the 1970s, the limited scope of mandatory vaccination\u2014currently required only for international travellers to endemic areas\u2014and increased connectivity to YF-endemic regions heighten its vulnerability. To inform local preparedness activities, we assessed the risk of YF emergence, defined as introduction and establishment, by looking at vector competence of local native species of A. aegypti in Martinique.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed a framework to evaluate YF emergence risk, integrating multiple contributing factors and taking Martinique as a case study. We used reported cases from 2015 to 2022 to estimate the predicted force of infection in endemic countries and map genotype presence in source countries. In addition, we analyzed flight traffic patterns from 2019 to 2022 and computed genotype-specific transmission efficiency by local mosquito populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Before 2020, Brazil represented the greatest YF introduction risk due to high passenger volumes. However, the moderate transmissibility of the South America II YF virus strain in Martinique\u2019s mosquito populations partially mitigated this risk. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global travel, temporarily shifting the risk landscape towards African countries such as Ivory Coast and Cameroon, where the West African strain exhibits higher transmissibility. However, this risk remained limited by the low number of travellers from these regions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There are growing concerns about the risk of YF introduction and emergence in non-endemic territories like Martinique. Climate change, mosquito adaptability (e.g. egg resistance to desiccation, winter diapause) and intensified global travel drive this risk. This integrative risk assessment framework supports YF emergence prevention and could be applied to other at-risk territories.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T17:48:14Z","timestamp":1755020894000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A framework to assess the risk of yellow fever emergence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9644-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Perlant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9 INSERM U1332,CNRS UMR2000 , 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Klitting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Inserm-IRBA , 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 5 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA) , 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 5 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2113-2374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Colizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM , 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris, 75012 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University , 1551 Tondorf Rd, Washington, DC 20007 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katy A M","family":"Gaythorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London , 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Gabiane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , 26 rue du Dr Roux, Paris , 75015,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, Campus de Schoelcher , Schoelcher , BP7209 97275,","place":["Martinique"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"de Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Inserm-IRBA , 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 5 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, Universit\u00e0 di Corsica, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IRBA) , 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13385 Cedex 5 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna B","family":"Failloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , 26 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9186-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Cauchemez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9 INSERM U1332,CNRS UMR2000 , 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9 INSERM U1332,CNRS UMR2000 , 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75015 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100302014028500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64670","article-title":"The global burden of yellow fever","volume":"10","author":"Gaythorpe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"2025100302014028500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454","article-title":"Yellow fever: A disease that has yet to be conquered","volume":"52","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu 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