{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:31:33Z","timestamp":1787909493452,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In recent years, TBE-endemic areas have expanded in Europe and the incidence of surveillance-reported TBE cases has increased. TBE is preventable through vaccination, with vaccines available and recommended for residents of, and travellers to, TBE-endemic regions. We summarized the published literature on international travel\u2013associated TBE cases and country-specific TBE vaccine recommendations for travellers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed and Web of Science and reviewed public health surveillance online sources to identify reports of travel-associated TBE cases published from 1978 to 2024. We also analysed the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) TBE Annual Epidemiological Reports from 2015 to 2022 for travel-associated cases and collected information on TBE vaccination recommendations by national public health authorities for travellers to Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine international travel\u2013associated TBE cases were identified from 24 articles and one public health report. Of the 34 travel-associated TBE cases with clinical information, 33 (97.0%) were hospitalized for a median of 9\u00a0days. Travel-associated cases departed from the USA, Israel and several countries in Europe; the most frequently visited countries were Austria, Russia, Sweden and Switzerland. Of the 22\u2009191 surveillance-reported TBE cases reported to ECDC from 2015 to 2022, 376 (1.7%) were international travel\u2013associated cases. Recommendations for TBE vaccination for travellers were identified in 32 countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite recommendations for TBE vaccination for travellers to TBE-endemic areas in Europe, international travel\u2013associated TBE cases among travellers to Europe continue to occur. Most of the published travel-associated TBE cases are associated with severe clinical illness. When considering the increasing geographic spread of the TBE-endemic areas and increasing TBE incidence in Europe, enhanced efforts are needed to inform appropriate international travellers about the risk of TBE and to promote vaccination of travellers to TBE-endemic areas in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:03:24Z","timestamp":1762607004000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tick-borne encephalitis in international travellers: a systematic review and vaccine recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Rishi","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , Collegeville, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick J","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , Collegeville, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Duench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick H","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S","family":"Riddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Development, Pfizer , Pearl River, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Halsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , Walton Oaks ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines and Anti-Infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7917-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute. 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