{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:37:45Z","timestamp":1792683465573,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Travel-related illness challenges clinical care and public health surveillance. Gastrointestinal, febrile\/systemic, and respiratory presentations contribute substantially to morbidity, but their subgroup-specific distribution, which may help align clinical and public-health priorities with traveller profiles, has not been quantitatively synthesised. We aimed to describe the relative distribution of reported illness presentations across major syndrome\/system categories among ill international travellers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2025. Epidemiological studies reporting illness acquired during or following international travel were included. For each syndrome\/system category (e.g., gastrointestinal, febrile\/systemic), we estimated the pooled proportion using the IVhet model, with subgroup analyses by travel purpose (tourism, visiting friends and relatives [VFR], and business), destination income group (non-high-income vs high-income destinations), and age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>80 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among tourists, gastrointestinal illness was the most frequent (42.7%; 95% CI 22.3\u201357.8), followed by dermatological\/bite-related (30.7%; 95% CI 12.8\u201345.6) and febrile\/systemic illness (25.4%; 95% CI 9.1\u201339.9). Among business travellers, gastrointestinal illness (53.8%; 95% CI 34.5\u201364.3) accounted for the largest pooled proportion, followed by febrile\/systemic illness (34.4%; 95% CI 18.2\u201345.9). Among VFR travellers, febrile\/systemic was most frequent (64.5%; 95% CI 38.1\u201372.9). Among travellers to non-high-income destinations, gastrointestinal (37.9%; 95% CI 23.8\u201347.4) and febrile\/systemic (34.4%; 95% CI 20.9\u201343.9) illnesses were the most frequent; and among travellers to high-income destinations, respiratory (36.5%; 95% CI 18.6\u201349.4) and dermatological\/bite-related (32.0%; 95% CI 15.1\u201344.8) illnesses were most frequent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pooled estimates describe the relative distribution of illness presentations represented in the included evidence. Subgroup-specific patterns may provide context for pre-travel counselling, post-travel assessment, diagnostic prioritisation, and syndromic surveillance but should not be interpreted as static or universally applicable proportions or as absolute risks among all travellers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taag097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:44:17Z","timestamp":1792583057000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relative distribution of reported illness presentations among ill international travellers: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5918-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Smoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sunshine Coast Public Health Unit, Queensland Health , Maroochydore, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benn","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alec","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Dr Deb the Travel Doctor, Travel Medicine Alliance , Brisbane, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Furuya-Kanamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Herston, Queensland (QLD) ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"container-title":["Journal of Travel Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taag097\/72361737\/taag097.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taag097\/72361737\/taag097.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:39:19Z","timestamp":1792679959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taag097\/8979357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taag097","relation":{},"ISSN":["1195-1982","1708-8305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1195-1982","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"article-number":"taag097"}}