{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:27:19Z","timestamp":1790720839250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":141,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IPA 16IPA1609427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPA 16IPA1609427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001710","name":"The Branco Weiss Fellowship \u2013 Society in Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to modern medicine, and increasing international mobility facilitates the spread of AMR. Infections with resistant organisms have higher morbidity and mortality, are costlier to treat, result in longer hospital stays and place a greater burden on health systems than infections caused by susceptible organisms. Here we review the role of travel in the international dissemination of AMR and consider actions at the levels of travelers, travel medicine practitioners and policymakers that would mitigate this threat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resistant pathogens do not recognize international borders; travelers to areas with high AMR prevalence are likely to be exposed to resistant bacteria and return to their home countries colonized. Medical tourists go between health facilities with drastically different rates of AMR, potentially transmitting highly resistant strains.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-resistant bacteria have been found in every continent; however, differences between countries in the prevalence of AMR depend on multiple factors. These include levels of antibiotic consumption (including inappropriate use), access to clean water, adequate sanitation, vaccination coverage, the availability of quality healthcare and access to high-quality medical products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Travelers to areas with high levels of AMR should have vaccines up to date, be aware of ways of treating and preventing travelers\u2019 diarrhea (other than antibiotic use) and be informed on safe sexual practices. The healthcare systems of low- and middle-income countries require investment to reduce the transmission of resistant strains by improving access to clean water, sanitation facilities and vaccines. Efforts are needed to curb inappropriate antibiotic use worldwide. In addition, more surveillance is needed to understand the role of the movement of humans, livestock and food products in resistance transmission. The travel medicine community has a key role to play in advocating for the recognition of AMR as a priority on the international health agenda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key policy recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AMR is a threat to modern medicine, and international travel plays a key role in the spread of highly resistant strains. It is essential that this is addressed at multiple levels. Individual travelers can reduce antibiotic consumption and the likelihood of infection. Travelers should have up-to-date vaccines and be informed on methods of preventing and treating travelers\u2019 diarrhea, other than use of antibiotics and on safe sexual practices, such as condom use. Healthcare facilities need to be aware of the travel history of patients to provide appropriate treatment to those who are at high risk of exposure and to prevent further spread. Internationally, in countries without reliable and universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene, investment is needed to reduce the emergence and spread of resistance and ensure the antimicrobials available are of assured quality. High-income countries must ensure their use of antimicrobials is appropriate to reduce selection for AMR. Surveillance across all countries is needed to monitor and respond to this emerging threat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taz036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T07:09:31Z","timestamp":1558422571000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":269,"title":["Global geographic trends in antimicrobial resistance: the role of international travel"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0095-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Frost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P","family":"Van Boeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Earth Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Earth Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramanan","family":"Laxminarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1139\/W08-119","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from seawater and penguin fecal samples collected near Palmer Station, Antarctica","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.034","article-title":"Understanding drivers of antibiotic resistance genes in High Arctic soil ecosystems","volume":"125","author":"Mccann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18506-4","article-title":"Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes associated with the International Space Station environmental surfaces","volume":"8","author":"Urbaniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70780-7","article-title":"Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data","volume":"14","author":"Van Boeckel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0094-7","article-title":"National campaigns to improve antibiotic use","volume":"62","author":"Goossens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref6","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Stewardship in Australian Hospitals 2011","author":"Duguid","year":"2011"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance\u2014the need for global solutions","volume":"13","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70189-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status","volume":"5","author":"Okeke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03205-z","article-title":"The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref11","article-title":"NDM-type carbapenemases in gram-negative rods","volume-title":"Human and Re-emerging Infections: Bacterial & Mycotic Infections","author":"Dortet","year":"2016","edition":"1st edn"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30186-4","article-title":"Anthropological and socioeconomic factors contributing to global antimicrobial resistance: a univariate and multivariable analysis","volume":"2","author":"Collignon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Heal"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/26707","volume-title":"Drug-Resistant Infections: A Threat to Our Economic Future","author":"World Bank","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2017.11.007","article-title":"Digestive tract colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in travellers: an update","volume":"21","author":"Rupp\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.024","article-title":"The role of wildlife (wild birds) in the global transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6597","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00944-15","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis strain isolated from a migratory wild bird in Germany","volume":"59","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160137","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0137","article-title":"\u2018Disperse abroad in the land\u2019: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30144","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.8.30144","article-title":"Impact of food animal trade on the spread of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance, Tunisia, July 2015","volume":"21","author":"Grami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2015.11.004","article-title":"Introduction of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli to Swedish broiler population by imported breeding animals","volume":"194","author":"B\u00f6rjesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.11.2395","article-title":"Ready-to-eat shrimp as an international vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Gianna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201759070","article-title":"Drug resistance, AmpC-\u03b2-lactamase and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from fish and shrimp","volume":"59","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2015.05.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio spp. isolated from Canadian imported shrimp, 2009\u20132014","volume":"46","author":"Ronholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.12.009","article-title":"Foodborne diseases do not respect borders: zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in food products of animal origin illegally imported into the European Union","volume":"244","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.09.006","article-title":"Imported poultry meat as a source of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant CMY-2-producing Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in the European Union, 2014\u20132015","volume":"51","author":"Campos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","article-title":"Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref27","first-page":"2009","article-title":"Surveillance of travel-associated gastrointestinal infections in Norway, 2009\u20132010: are they all actually imported?","volume":"17","author":"Vold","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.09.003","article-title":"Potential economic burden of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Bartsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref29","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Health Care Facilities","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","article-title":"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-15","article-title":"Global epidemiology of campylobacter infection","volume":"28","author":"Kaakoush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000198","article-title":"Trends in fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter","volume":"4","author":"Sproston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix624","article-title":"Increasing Campylobacter infections, outbreaks, and antimicrobial resistance in the United States, 2004\u20132012","volume":"65","author":"Geissler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62261-1","article-title":"Ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacteriosis in the UK","volume":"11","author":"Cody","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.11.005","article-title":"A seventeen-year observation of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and the molecular mechanisms of erythromycin-resistant isolates in Beijing, China","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-54","article-title":"Regional risks and seasonality in travel-associated campylobacteriosis","volume":"4","author":"Ekdahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3032-6","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility profiles among Campylobacter isolates obtained from international travelers between 2007 and 2014","volume":"36","author":"Post","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-018-0634-9","article-title":"Travel and the spread of drug-resistant bacteria","volume":"20","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-017-0056-y","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter and other diarrheal pathogens isolated from US military personnel deployed to Thailand in 2002\u20132004: a case\u2013control study","volume":"3","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01086-12","article-title":"A longitudinal 6-year study of the molecular epidemiology of clinical campylobacter isolates in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom","volume":"50","author":"Cody","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06194-11","article-title":"Genotypes and antibiotic resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from domestic and travel-associated","volume":"78","author":"Niederer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref42","first-page":"2644","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates obtained in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from 2002 to 2013","volume":"52","author":"Gaudreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-277","article-title":"International travel and the risk of hospitalization with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. A Danish population-based cohort study, 1999\u20132008","volume":"11","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02012","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02012-17","article-title":"Increasing antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates in Australia from 1979 to 2015","volume":"62","author":"Williamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02536-15","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995","volume":"60","author":"Tadesse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02311.x","article-title":"Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry in Malaysia","volume":"46","author":"Yoke-Kqueen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref48","volume-title":"National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System\u2014NARMS Now: Integrated Data","author":"Center for Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.102","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive Salmonella disease","volume":"33","author":"Kariuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14754","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14754","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant food-borne Salmonella strains harboring multiple PMQR elements but not target gene mutations","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-10-327","article-title":"Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meat products","volume":"74","author":"Hyeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11444","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11444","article-title":"Meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"5","author":"Nordahl Petersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.234767","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoid Salmonella in military personnel, 1988\u20132013","volume":"11","author":"Srijan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref54","volume-title":"UK Public Health Resistance Alert: Salmonella Typhi Resistant to Third-Generation Cephalosporins Isolated in England from a Traveller Returning from Pakistan","author":"Public Health England","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref55","first-page":"698","article-title":"What were the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever in London 2005\u20132012?","volume":"66","author":"Dave","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00482-18","article-title":"The gathering storm: is untreatable typhoid fever on the way?","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3281","article-title":"Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter-and intracontinental transmission events","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix652","article-title":"Successful therapy of a multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi infection using combination therapy of meropenem and fosfomycin","volume":"65","author":"Kleine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref59","first-page":"20632","article-title":"serotype Paratyphi A carrying CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from a Japanese traveller returning from India, Japan, July 2013","volume-title":"Salmonella enterica","author":"Mawatari","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47509-0","article-title":"Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates","volume":"57","author":"Rotimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref61","first-page":"1229","article-title":"serovar Typhi producing CTX-M-15 extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume-title":"Salmonella enterica","author":"Phoba","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref62","first-page":"S29","volume-title":"Travel-acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: impact of colonization at individual and community level","author":"Woerther","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki166","article-title":"Emergence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in the community","volume":"56","author":"Pitout","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.02.004","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria in the community: trends and lessons learned","volume":"30","author":"van Duin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-13","article-title":"Trends in human fecal carriage of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in the community: toward the globalization of CTX-M","volume":"26","author":"Woerther","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19044","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.47.19044-en","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe","volume":"13","author":"Coque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw102","article-title":"The ecology of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in the developed world","volume":"24","author":"Doi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146","article-title":"Global epidemiology of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases: temporal and geographical shifts in genotype","volume":"72","author":"Bevan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110","article-title":"CTX-M enzymes: origin and diffusion","volume":"3","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03850.x","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from livestock and companion animals, and their putative impact on public health: a global perspective","volume":"18","author":"Ewers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283","article-title":"Fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk factors among healthy individuals: a systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"63","author":"Karanika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.09.034","article-title":"Community-onset extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli: importance of international travel","volume":"57","author":"Laupland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks214","article-title":"The role of international travel in the worldwide spread of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"67","author":"van der Bij","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12220","article-title":"Risk factors for colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria among patients admitted to the intensive care unit after returning from abroad","volume":"22","author":"Angue","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30074","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.47.30074","article-title":"International travel and acquisition of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Hassing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30319-X","article-title":"Import and spread of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by international travellers (COMBAT study): a prospective, multicentre cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Arcilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ333","article-title":"High rate of acquisition but short duration of carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae after travel to the tropics","volume":"61","author":"Rupp\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu957","article-title":"Antimicrobials increase travelers\u2019 risk of colonization by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"60","author":"Kantele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.151272","article-title":"Increased risk for ESBL-producing bacteria from co-administration of loperamide and antimicrobial drugs for travelers\u2019 diarrhea","volume":"22","author":"Kantele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01069","article-title":"Polyclonal intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae upon traveling to India","volume":"7","author":"Pires","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-528","article-title":"High colonization rates of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coliin Swiss travellers to South Asia\u2014a prospective observational multicentre cohort study looking at epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Kuenzli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref82","first-page":"e02408","article-title":"Acquisition and loss of CTX-M-producing and non-producing Escherichia coli in the fecal microbiome of travelers to South Asia","volume":"9","author":"McNally","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw335","article-title":"Frequent acquisition of low-virulence strains of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in travellers","volume":"71","author":"Vading","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1908.130257","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among travelers from the Netherlands","volume":"19","author":"Paltansing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045141","article-title":"Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in international travelers and non-travelers in New York City","volume":"7","author":"Weisenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.09.021","article-title":"CTX-M-15-non-ST131 Escherichia coli isolates are mainly responsible of faecal carriage with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in travellers, immigrants and those visiting friends and relatives","volume":"21","author":"Valverde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt167","article-title":"Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: incidence and risk factors","volume":"68","author":"\u00d6stholm-Balkhed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.12.001","article-title":"Colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in international travelers returning to Germany","volume":"305","author":"Lubbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12211","article-title":"High rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli carriage and infection in hospitalized returning travelers: a cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Epelboin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv423","article-title":"Colonization and infection with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients: what impact on outcomes and carbapenem exposure?","volume":"71","author":"Barbier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref91","first-page":"919","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin or soft tissue infections in a state prison\u2014Mississippi, 2000","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref92","first-page":"793","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among competitive sports participants\u2014Colorado, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Los Angeles County, 2000\u20132003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref93","first-page":"992","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in correctional facilities\u2014Georgia, California, and Texas, 2001\u20132003","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1086\/675283","article-title":"Continued emergence of USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States: results from a nationwide surveillance study","volume":"35","author":"Diekema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref95","volume-title":"Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Report Emerging Infections Program Network Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02016","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02016-17","article-title":"Range expansion and the origin of USA300 North American epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"Challagundla","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.150452","article-title":"USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 2000\u20132013","volume":"21","author":"Carrel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1086\/674385","article-title":"Mortality among patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 versus non-USA300 invasive infections: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.09.021","article-title":"Association of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 genotype with mortality in MRSA bacteremia","volume":"61","author":"Kempker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp241","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300: origin and epidemiology","volume":"64","author":"Tenover","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110746","article-title":"MRSA USA300 at Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2000\u20132006","volume":"18","author":"David","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01962.x","article-title":"Recognition of USA300 isolates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australia","volume":"189","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw418","article-title":"Global spread of the community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Latin American Variant","volume":"214","author":"Planet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-008-0640-1","article-title":"Emergence of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in Japan","volume":"14","author":"Shibuya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.13.08080-en","article-title":"Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST8 (\u2018USA300\u2019) in an HIV-positive patient in Cologne, Germany, February 2008","volume":"13","author":"Witte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0698-9","article-title":"Comparison of community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from teaching hospitals in London and the USA, 2004\u20132006: where is USA300 in the UK?","volume":"28","author":"Otter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12133","article-title":"The role of international travel in the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10596","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702472114","article-title":"Origin, evolution, and global transmission of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus ST8","volume":"114","author":"Strau\u00df","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0087-z","article-title":"Spread of the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone among family members in Japan","volume":"16","author":"Yabe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001950","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in combat support hospitals in three regions of Iraq","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02183","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02183-15","article-title":"Demography and intercontinental spread of the USA300 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage","volume":"7","author":"Glaser","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw166","article-title":"Systematic surveillance detects multiple silent introductions and household transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 in the east of England","volume":"214","author":"Toleman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw444","article-title":"Life after USA300: the rise and fall of a superbug","volume":"215","author":"Planet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy270","article-title":"Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among Staphylococcus aureus from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program","volume":"6","author":"Diekema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit020","article-title":"The global spread of healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria: a perspective from Asia","volume":"56","author":"Molton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1375","article-title":"Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: 15 years and counting","volume":"53","author":"Chavers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262030-00002","article-title":"Treatment options for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections","volume":"62","author":"Linden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref118","first-page":"7","article-title":"Linezolid and vancomycin resistant Enterococci: a therapeutic problem","volume":"11","author":"Yadav","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3201\/1106.041204","article-title":"Global spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex","volume":"11","author":"Willems","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.01.028","article-title":"Emergence of epidemic clones of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in Singapore","volume":"63","author":"Koh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1086\/502410","article-title":"Eradication of a large outbreak of a single strain of vanB vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium at a major Australian teaching hospital","volume":"25","author":"Christiansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref122","first-page":"213","article-title":"NDM-1 and the role of travel in its dissemination","author":"Wilson","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref123","first-page":"1","article-title":"The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12202","article-title":"The genetic basis of the fitness costs of antimicrobial resistance: a meta-analysis approach","volume":"8","author":"Vogwill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.001","article-title":"Plasmids and the spread of resistance","volume":"303","author":"Carattoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq520","article-title":"Does broad-spectrum beta-lactam resistance due to NDM-1 herald the end of the antibiotic era for treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria?","volume":"66","author":"Nordmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref127","first-page":"5046","article-title":"Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla NDM-1, and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India","author":"Yong","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70143-2","article-title":"Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study","volume":"10","author":"Kumarasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref129","first-page":"1777","article-title":"NDM carbapenemases in the United Kingdom: an analysis of the first 250 cases","author":"Jain","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.101313","article-title":"New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase from traveler returning to Canada","volume":"17","author":"Peirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref131","first-page":"pii=19716","article-title":"New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1-producing Enterobacteriaceae: emergence and response in Europe","volume-title":"Euro Surveill.","author":"Struelens","year":"2010"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.052555-0","article-title":"Global spread of antibiotic resistance: the example of New Delhi metallo-b-lactamase (NDM)-mediated carbapenem resistance","volume":"62","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref133","first-page":"750","article-title":"Detection of Enterobacteriaceae isolates carrying metallo-beta-lactamase\u2014United States, 2010","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.10.012","article-title":"First case of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae from Ecuador: an update for South America","volume":"65","author":"Romero-alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70277-2","article-title":"Global spread of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase 1","volume":"10","author":"Leverstein-Van Hall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.415","article-title":"How should we respond to the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in humans and animals?","volume":"54","author":"Al-tawfiq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii=30214","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.17.30214","article-title":"Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene","volume":"21","author":"Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30527-8","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae in patients and healthy adults from China: an epidemiological and clinical study","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw328","article-title":"Detection of the plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene mcr-1 in faecal metagenomes of Dutch travellers","volume":"71","author":"Von","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S153178","article-title":"Carriage of colistin-resistant, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli harboring the mcr-1 resistance gene after short-term international travel to Vietnam","volume":"11","author":"Tatsuya Nakayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref141","first-page":"1673","article-title":"mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in traveler returning to Canada from China","author":"Payne","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00731-16","article-title":"Travelers can import colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including those possessing the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene","volume":"60","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref143","volume-title":"2018 Edition UNWTO International Tourism Trends 2017","author":"World Tourism Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tax007","article-title":"Global travel patterns: an overview","volume":"24","author":"Glaesser","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00474-2","article-title":"Access to effective antimicrobials: a worldwide challenge","volume":"387","author":"Laxminarayan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref146","first-page":"6","article-title":"Resistant pathogens as causes of traveller\u2019s diarrhea globally and impact(s) on treatment failure and recommendations","author":"Tribble","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay014","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in travellers\u2019 diarrhoeal disease, an external perspective","volume":"25","author":"Hitch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Soc Travel Med"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12341","article-title":"Condom use among Swedes while traveling internationally: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"19","author":"Lejelind","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv47","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051020","article-title":"The role of core groups in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant N. gonorrhoeae","volume":"89","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref150","first-page":"299","article-title":"The perils of medical tourism: NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli causing febrile neutropenia in a medical tourist","volume":"52","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref151","volume-title":"Indian Medical Tourism Industry to Touch $8 Billion by 2020: Grant Thornton","author":"The Economic Times","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00428","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00428-16","article-title":"How can vaccines contribute to solving the antimicrobial resistance problem?","volume":"7","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2017.10.006","article-title":"Destination specific risks of acquisition of notifiable food and waterborne infections or sexually transmitted infections among Finnish international travellers, 1995\u20132015","volume":"25","author":"Z\u00f6ldi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref154","volume-title":"WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30060-4","article-title":"WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System early implementation 2016\u201317","volume":"18","author":"Tornimbene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref156","volume-title":"ResistanceMap: Antibiotic Resistance","author":"The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & Policy","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70799-6","article-title":"Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study","volume":"365","author":"Goossens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref158","volume-title":"ResistanceMap","author":"CDDEP"},{"key":"2019122309080565600_ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282","article-title":"The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: the impact and evolution of a global menace","volume":"215","author":"Logan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Travel Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taz036\/28768499\/taz036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/taz036\/31605245\/taz036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article-pdf\/26\/8\/taz036\/31605245\/taz036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T06:15:00Z","timestamp":1663481700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jtm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jtm\/taz036\/5496989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":159,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taz036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1195-1982","1708-8305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1195-1982","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"article-number":"taz036"}}