{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T19:24:55Z","timestamp":1782242695937,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":264,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Urban bird diversity has been shown to be a useful indicator of overall biodiversity in urban green spaces. Attributes of green spaces (size, location and age) vary within a city and can influence bird diversity. To understand the relationship between bird diversity and green space attributes, we assessed bird abundance and richness in several green spaces in Reykjavik, Iceland. Fifteen green spaces were selected, representing different size categories (small: &amp;lt;5\u2009ha and large: 7\u201341\u2009ha) and different locations within the urban sprawl (central and suburban). Thirteen transect surveys were conducted at each park from March to September 2020. Abundance, species richness, the Shannon diversity index and evenness were compared across parks. Abundance, Shannon index and evenness were significantly higher in large, intermediate-aged parks with residential urban contexts (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Richness did not vary significantly with park size but was significantly higher in old- and intermediate-age parks that were centrally located (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.005). Bird diversity did not vary significantly over the survey season. For abundance, our results were expected: the larger the park, the greater the abundance. However, contrary to most studies, the suburbs of Reykjavik had less richness than the city center. Furthermore, park size was not relevant for richness, which is the main factor in other cities (e.g. London, Boston). These differences in response indicate that abundance and richness should be considered simultaneously when monitoring urban bird diversity. Lastly, small urban parks (&amp;lt;5\u2009ha) should not be disregarded in urban planning, especially in high latitude cities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jue\/juac017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T14:49:40Z","timestamp":1663858180000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Urban bird diversity: does abundance and richness vary unexpectedly with green space attributes?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iceland , S\u00e6mundargata 2 , 101 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Tamayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iceland , S\u00e6mundargata 2 , 101 Reykjavik, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snorri","family":"Sigur\u00f0sson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icelandic Institute of Natural History , Urri\u00f0aholtsstr\u00e6ti 6-8 , 210 Gar\u00f0ab\u00e6r, Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B1","volume-title":"Expedition Field Techniques: Bird Surveys","author":"Bibby","year":"2000"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00063650709461460","article-title":"Determinants of Bird Species Richness in Public Green Spaces","volume":"54","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bird Study"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(96)00341-6","article-title":"Ecological Consequences of Habitat Fragmentation: Implications for Landscape Architecture and Planning","volume":"36","author":"Collinge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-017-0706-x","article-title":"Urban Bird Community Composition Influenced by Size of Urban Green Spaces, Presence of Native Forest, and Urbanization","volume":"21","author":"Dale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2046(91)90017-G","article-title":"Bird Population and Habitat Surveys in Urban Areas","volume":"21","author":"DeGraaf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B6","author":"Department of Environment and Planning","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B7","author":"Department of Environment and Planning","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05925.x","article-title":"Urban Biodiversity: Patterns and Mechanisms","volume":"1223","author":"Faeth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12130","article-title":"Are Cities Different? Patterns of Species Richness and Beta Diversity of Urban Bird Communities and Regional Species Assemblages in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Ferenc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013133308987","article-title":"A Habitat Island Approach to Conserving Birds in Urban Landscapes: Case Studies from Southern and Northern Europe","volume":"10","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Juricic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biodiversity and Conservation"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133027","article-title":"Some General Principles of Landscape and Regional Ecology","volume":"10","author":"Forman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Landscape Ecology"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B12","author":"Fragkias","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B13","volume-title":"Saga Reykjav\u00edkur: B\u00e6rinn Vaknar 1870-1940\u2014Fyrri Hluti","author":"Fri\u00f0riksson","year":"1991"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198520863.003.0002","volume-title":"Bird Ecology and Conservation","author":"Gregory","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.07.009","volume-title":"Urban Forestry and Urban Greening","author":"Haaland","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jue\/juaa028","article-title":"Avian Community Composition, but Not Richness, Differs between Urban and Exurban Parks","volume":"6","author":"Haas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Ecology"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B17","author":"IINH [N\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0istofnun \u00cdslands]","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B18","author":"IINH [N\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0istofnun \u00cdslands]","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B19","author":"\u00cdslandsstofa","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-016-0584-7","article-title":"The Influence of Small Urban Parks Characteristics on Bird Diversity: A Case Study of Petaling Jaya, Malaysia","volume":"20","author":"Jasmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.18194\/ws.00140","article-title":"Icelandic Meadow-Breeding Waders: Status, Threats and Conservation Challenges","volume":"126","author":"J\u00f3hannesd\u00f3ttir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wader Study"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B22","first-page":"71","article-title":"Effects of Urbanization on the Breeding Bird Species Richness in Finland: A Biogeographical Comparison","volume":"70","author":"Jokimaki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ornis Fennica"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-014-0433-5","article-title":"Effects of Habitat Structure, Human Disturbance, and Habitat Connectivity on Urban Forest Bird Communities","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/bix079","article-title":"Biodiversity in the City: Fundamental Questions for Understanding the Ecology of Urban Green Spaces for Biodiversity Conservation","volume":"67","author":"Lepczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43314-1_2","volume-title":"Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments","author":"Lepczyk","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B26","volume-title":"The Theory of Island Biogeography","author":"MacArthur","year":"1967"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B27","volume-title":"Measuring Biological Diversity","author":"Magurran","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.12.022","article-title":"How Scale Influences Birds\u2019 Responses to Habitat Features in Urban Residential Areas","volume":"105","author":"McCaffrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B29","article-title":"Biological Diversity in Iceland","volume":"56","author":"ME-IINH [Ministry for the Environment, & The Icelandic Institute of Natural History]","year":"2001","journal-title":"National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.023","article-title":"Ecosystem Services: Urban Parks under a Magnifying Glass","volume":"160","author":"Mexia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-013-0316-1","article-title":"Species Richness in Urban Parks and Its Drivers: A Review of Empirical Evidence","volume":"17","author":"Nielsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3906\/zoo-1305-20","article-title":"Birds and Small Urban Parks: A Study in a High Plateau City","volume":"38","author":"Peris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B33","author":"Reykjav\u00edkurborg","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2005.01.004","article-title":"Ecological Diversity of Birds in Relation to the Structure of Urban Green Space","volume":"77","author":"Sandstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5230","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1778","article-title":"Functional Diversity of Urban Bird Communities: Effects of Landscape Composition, Green Space Area and Vegetation Cover","volume":"5","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B36","first-page":"126","volume-title":"\u00datbrei\u00f0sla Varpfugla \u00e1 Su\u00f0vesturlandi\u2014K\u00f6nnun 1987-1992","author":"Skarph\u00e9\u00f0insson","year":"1994"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.02.007","article-title":"Are Small Greening Areas Enhancing Bird Diversity? Insights from Community-Driven Greening Projects in Boston","volume":"114","author":"Strohbach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B38","author":"Thompson","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B39","author":"V\u00edsindavefurinn","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022092214072533200_juac017-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-012-0839-x","article-title":"How Would Size, Age, Human Disturbance, and Vegetation Structure Affect Bird Communities of Urban Parks in Different Seasons?","volume":"153","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Ornithology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Urban Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jue\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/juac017\/45974772\/juac017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jue\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/juac017\/45974772\/juac017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T14:50:07Z","timestamp":1663858207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jue\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jue\/juac017\/6711445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jue\/juac017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"juac017"}}