{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:25:59Z","timestamp":1785540359415,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information regarding efficacy of combination of azathioprine and prednisolone in treating meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) in dogs is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report median survival time in dogs with MUO treated with a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone and assess its tolerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-two dogs diagnosed with MUO between January 2011 and December 2022 that received azathioprine and prednisolone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective medical record review was conducted. Diagnosis of MUO was based on clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging features, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median survival time was 1289\u00a0days (range: 30-3356). Median survival time did not differ significantly between dogs that presented with seizures (n\u00a0=\u00a012; 308\u00a0days) and those without seizures (1289\u00a0days; P\u00a0=\u00a0.74), nor between dogs that experienced relapses (n\u00a0=\u00a020; 1153\u00a0days) and those that did not (1697\u00a0days; P\u00a0=\u00a0.58). Myelosuppression occurred in 10 dogs and hepatotoxicity in 1 dog. In 9 dogs, adverse effects resolved with drug discontinuation or dose reduction. One dog died from hepatic necrosis and 1 from myelosuppression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone is associated with long median survival times for dogs with MUO in this study. Adverse drug reactions were reversible in most cases but can be fatal in some. Therefore, hematological values and hepatic variables should be monitored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalaf002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:01:50Z","timestamp":1768986110000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combination of azathioprine and prednisolone as a treatment for meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in dogs: 54 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1374-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solene","family":"Diop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , 94700 Maisons-Alfort ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, INSERM, U955 IMRB \u201cBiology of the Neuromuscular System\u201d Team , 94700 Maisons-Alfort ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Van Caenegem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire AniCura TRIOVet , 35000 Rennes ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Troupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Anicura Pommery , 51100 Reims ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mayousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Cordeliers , 77100 Meaux ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Jeandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Anicura Pommery , 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