{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:10:39Z","timestamp":1780409439894,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#03030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#03030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inadequate ammonia excretion is thought to drive the development of metabolic acidosis in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlates with worse clinical outcomes, such as faster progression to end-stage kidney disease and increased case fatality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if urine ammonia-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) correlates with serum creatinine concentration as a renal function marker in healthy dogs and dogs with CKD and whether UACR is altered in the presence of CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study group comprised 46 healthy and 50 stable International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Stages 2, 3, and 4 CKD dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, single\u2013time point study. Serum biochemistry variables were measured. Urinary ammonia and creatinine concentrations were measured and used to calculate UACR. Group comparisons were made with the Mann\u2013Whitney test. Correlation between UACR and serum renal and electrolyte values was assessed using Spearman\u2019s correlation test. Relationships between UACR, renal variables, electrolytes, urine specific gravity, age, and body weight were explored with multiple linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CKD dogs had lower UACR (median 2.2; range 0.9-10.5) than healthy dogs (median 7.1; range 0.7-40.0) (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .001). UACR was inversely correlated with creatinine concentrations (P\u00a0&amp;lt; .001, rs\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.535). The relationship between UACR and creatinine persisted after controlling for age, body weight, electrolytes, renal functional variables, and urine specific gravity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that ammonia excretion is impaired in dogs with diminished renal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalaf016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:02:01Z","timestamp":1768986121000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation of urine ammonia excretion with renal function in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Autumn N","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine , Raleigh, NC 27607, United States"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine , Gainesville, FL 32608, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Copper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine , Gainesville, FL 32608, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca A","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine , Raleigh, NC 27607, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, University of Florida College of 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