{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:23:06Z","timestamp":1770834186306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine of Iowa State University Dean\u2019s award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an accurate marker of septic cavitary effusions in people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the utility of serum and effusion NGAL concentrations in differentiating septic effusions from effusions caused by other etiologies in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty dogs with pleural or peritoneal effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten dogs were prospectively enrolled into each of 5 groups based on effusion etiology: hypoalbuminemia, increased hydrostatic pressure, neoplastic, inflammatory, and septic. Concentrations of NGAL were measured in both serum and effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While median serum NGAL concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs with hypoalbuminemia (24.8\u00a0ng\/mL, range 5.0\u2013110.0\u00a0ng\/mL), increased hydrostatic pressure (13.2\u00a0ng\/mL, range 5.8\u201346.9\u00a0ng\/mL), abdominal neoplasia (13.8\u00a0ng\/mL, range 3.2\u201327.3\u00a0ng\/mL), inflammatory (15.8\u00a0ng\/mL, 5.6\u201336.6\u00a0ng\/mL), or septic causes (19.2\u00a0ng\/mL, range 7.2\u201364.8\u00a0ng\/mL) of effusion (P\u00a0=\u00a0.272), median effusion NGAL concentrations were significantly higher in the septic group (194.4\u00a0ng\/mL, range 120.0\u20131471.1ng\/mL) than in the hypoalbuminemic (10.7\u00a0ng\/mL, range 4.1\u201327.8\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001), hydrostatic (22.7\u00a0ng\/mL, range 11.3\u201356.7\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001), neoplastic (65\u00a0ng\/mL, range 15.7\u2013215.3\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001), or inflammatory (45\u00a0ng\/mL, range 33.8\u2013195\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001) groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concentrations of NGAL in effusions were significantly higher in septic effusions than in effusions of other etiologies. These findings suggest that effusion NGAL concentrations could be a helpful marker in the identification of cases with septic effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalaf083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1770832090000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in identifying septic cavitary effusions in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9149-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MedVet Chicago , Chicago, IL 60618 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-8478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"McQuinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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