{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:09:32Z","timestamp":1782497372365,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Veterinary Student Summer Scholar Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary bladder tumor in dogs, often invading and involving the bladder wall, trigone, urethra, and prostate and can lead to obstruction of urine outflow at the level of the ureters or urethra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the outcome of dogs with UC presenting with urethral or ureteral obstruction treated with radiation therapy (RT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five client-owned dogs treated with RT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted. Overall survival, time to first event, and restoration of patency were evaluated by obstruction location and radiotherapy protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall obstruction relief was achieved in 15\/25 (60%) dogs. Definitive intent protocols showed significantly longer time to obstruction relief (median 8 vs 4\u00a0days; range 2-10 vs 2-7\u00a0days; P\u00a0=\u00a0.02), however, had higher overall efficacy (83% vs 53%) and survival times compared to palliative intent protocols (P\u00a0=\u00a0.01). Dogs that had relief of obstruction regardless of RT intent received a significantly higher total dose compared to those that did not experience relief (median 36\u00a0Gy vs 8\u00a0Gy; range 12-57 vs 6-24\u00a0Gy; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). Median overall survival time was 134\u00a0days (range 6-969\u00a0days) and time to first event was 107\u00a0days (range 4-695\u00a0days). Location of obstruction did not significantly improve survival or time to obstruction relief. Relief was temporary for 27% of unobstructed dogs, and re-obstruction was seen at a median of 14\u00a0days (range 5-33\u00a0days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation therapy is a viable treatment option for relieving urinary obstruction secondary to UC. Radiation therapy protocol should be determined based on the dog\u2019s clinical signs, ability to medically manage obstruction, and therapeutic goals of the owner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalaf093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:45:15Z","timestamp":1770137115000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiation therapy as a treatment for urinary obstruction secondary to urothelial carcinoma in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Burtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO 80523 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Keara","family":"Boss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical 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