{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:54:14Z","timestamp":1788440054334,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P3-0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P4-0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["J7-3153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J7-3153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The immune response in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate the populations of monocyte subtypes, natural killer cells (NK cells), and T lymphocyte subtypes in dogs with MMVD and their relationships with selected cytokines and echocardiographic parameters at different stages of the disease and in comparison to healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-one client-owned dogs: 64 with MMVD (preclinical stage, compensated congestive heart failure [CHF], decompensated CHF) and 17 healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Natural killer (NK) cells, monocyte subtypes, T lymphocyte subtypes, and B lymphocytes were identified using flow cytometry. Generalized linear models were used to compare variables between groups. Pairwise comparisons were performed using estimated marginal means with Tukey correction. P-value &amp;lt; .05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentage of monocytes was higher in dogs with compensated and decompensated CHF compared with preclinical dogs. The percentage of activated T helper lymphocytes was lower in compensated CHF compared with all other groups. No differences in percentages were found for monocyte subtypes, NK cells, cytotoxic, regulatory and double positive T lymphocytes, or B lymphocytes. Concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was higher in the decompensated CHF compared with all other groups, and the concentration of keratinocyte chemotactic-like chemokine was higher in the decompensated CHF compared with the preclinical group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher concentrations and percentages of total monocytes and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in CHF suggest an inflammatory pathway in MMVD progression. Activated T helper lymphocytes may be downregulated in dogs with compensated CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:19:38Z","timestamp":1772039978000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune response in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: insights into monocyte and lymphocyte subtypes and natural killer cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3284-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Cimerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana ,","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alenka","family":"Nemec 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