{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:22:43Z","timestamp":1778739763990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nortev Ltd. Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Indiana and the Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nebulization of injectable dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP; 0.01\u00a0mg\/kg) to horses with severe equine asthma (SEA) was previously found to be ineffective. Horses with SEA have marked bronchoconstriction that decreases peripheral lung deposition of nebulized drugs. Administration of a bronchodilator immediately before nebulizing dexamethasone may improve efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the therapeutic effects and optimal dose of nebulized DSP after nebulized albuterol in horses with SEA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven horses with SEA from a research herd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this masked randomized crossover trial, horses were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups: (1) 0.04\u00a0mg\/kg DSP IV; (2) 0.01\u00a0mg\/kg DSP by nebulization; and (3) 0.02\u00a0mg\/kg DSP by nebulization, in a 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 Latin square design. All horses were treated q24h for 7\u00a0days and received albuterol (0.3\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg) 10\u00a0min before DSP. Clinical score, pulmonary function testing, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, plasma and BALF DSP concentrations and routine blood test results were compared between groups and over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nebulized DSP resulted in similar lung deposition as IV DSP but did not suppress adrenocortical function. However, nebulized DSP did not improve clinical signs, lung function, or BALF cytology. Only IV DSP improved lung function. None of the treatments performed influenced BALF neutrophil proportions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nebulization of albuterol before DSP minimizes systemic absorption of dexamethasone and preserves adrenal function of horses with SEA. Our results do not support the use of nebulized DSP at the doses used for the treatment of SEA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:04:28Z","timestamp":1772791468000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A randomized, masked, crossover, clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of nebulized albuterol sulfate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate in asthmatic horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4163-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira N","family":"Tyson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United 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Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4527-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackeline Franco","family":"Marmolejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["United 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