{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:41:08Z","timestamp":1776786068048,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Crosswell Chair in Large Animal Medicine, Platinum Performance, LLC"},{"name":"University of Georgia Foundation\u2019s Winston and Super Fund for Laminitis and PPID Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin dysregulation (ID) is common and diminishes welfare of horses. Current management relies on diet and exercise, with variable responses and limited medical options. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) might provide adjunctive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the tolerance and effects of Reducose\u00ae, a Morus alba leaf extract standardized to 5% 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), in healthy horses and horses at risk of ID. We hypothesized DNJ would be well-tolerated and reduce insulin responses to oral sugar tests (OSTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven horses: 6 healthy (Phase I), 5 at risk for ID (Phase II), and 16 at risk for ID (Phase III).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, 3-phase study. Phase I assessed tolerance of escalating oral DNJ doses (0-5000\u00a0mg q12h, 7\u00a0days each). Phase II evaluated dose-dependent effects on OST response (0-5000\u00a0mg q12h, 7\u00a0days each). Phase III assessed duration of effect (0-3\u00a0h pre-OST) at 2500 and 5000\u00a0mg q12h (28\u00a0days each). Primary outcomes were peak insulin and insulin area under the curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNJ caused no adverse effects. Insulin responses decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At 5000\u00a0mg q12h, peak insulin fell from 33.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.1 \u03bcIU\/mL to 18.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.2 \u03bcIU\/mL; AUC decreased by \u221218.6 \u03bcIU\u00b7h\/mL (95% CI, \u221231.7 to \u22125.5). In Phase III, 5000\u00a0mg significantly reduced peak insulin when OST was performed 0\u00a0h (\u221213.1 \u03bcIU\/mL, 95% CI, \u221218.1 to \u22128.2) and 1\u00a0h (\u22127.4 \u03bcIU\/mL, 95% CI, \u221212.5 to \u22122.4) after DNJ. Insulin AUC mirrored peak insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNJ was well-tolerated and attenuated insulin responses to OST, supporting its potential as adjunctive therapy for ID in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:33:40Z","timestamp":1776702820000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the tolerance and effects of 1-deoxynojirimycin on insulin and glucose dynamics in healthy horses and horses at risk for insulin dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Canaan","family":"Whitfield-Cargile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia , Athens, 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