{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1781730035680,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria Visi\u00f3n de las Am\u00e9ricas","award":["P213-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P213-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While conditions associated with upper airway obstruction (UAO) are reported in Colombian Criollo horses, their effect on ventilation and performance is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate how oxygen consumption ($\\dot{\\rm V}$O2), ventilation,, and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are affected by UAO in horses performing at natural gaits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three client-owned Colombian Criollo horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study assigned horses to a control (C), or UAO group after overground endoscopy. All horses performed a standardized submaximal exercise test while wearing an ergospirometry facemask. Post-exercise blood lactate concentration and bronchoalveolar lavage cytological results were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve horses had UAO, with 6\/12 having multiple diagnoses. Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was most prevalent (83%), followed by nasopharyngeal collapse (42%). Mean $\\dot{\\rm V}$O2 and minute ventilation were not different between C (79.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.0\u00a0mL\/(kg\u00a0min); 723\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0203\u00a0L\/min) and UAO (88.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.2\u00a0mL\/(kg\u00a0min); 648\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0190\u00a0L\/min). UAO resulted in lower peak inspiratory (25.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3\u00a0L\/s, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and expiratory (33.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3\u00a0L\/s, P\u00a0=\u00a0.03) flow than C (28.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.0 and 38.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.0\u00a0L\/s). Longer inspiratory and expiratory durations in UAO resulted in lower breathing frequency (76.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.0 vs. 89.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.4 breaths\/min). Post-exercise [lactate] was greater (P\u00a0=\u00a0.05) in UAO (6.8 [4.6-9.3] mmol\/L) than C (3.5 [3.0-5.5] mmol\/L). No evidence of EIPH was noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with UOA had marked changes in ventilation, however, $\\dot{\\rm V}$O2 and EIPH severity were not different to C, likely because the exercise was submaximal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:50:53Z","timestamp":1781729453000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of upper airway obstruction on oxygen consumption and ventilatory variables in Colombian criollo horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Shannon L","family":"Massie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary T2N 1N4 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