{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:47:53Z","timestamp":1782506873110,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty Of Veterinary Sciences Fund","award":["RI6\/2567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RI6\/2567"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin resistance (IR) is a common complication in diabetic dogs, impairing glycemic control and causing metabolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the utility and determine cutoff values of C-peptide, homeostasis model assessment of IR by C-peptide (HOMA-IR by C-peptide), HOMA-IR by C-Peptide version 2 (HOMA-IRCP2), and homeostasis model assessment 2 of IR (HOMA2-IR) as diagnostic tools for detecting IR and identifying factors related to IR in dogs with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-six dogs were enrolled from a referral center and classified into 4 groups: healthy dogs (Healthy group, n\u00a0=\u00a017), pre-diabetes mellitus (PreDM, n\u00a0=\u00a011), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, n\u00a0=\u00a020), and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus (DMIR, n\u00a0=\u00a028).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional prospective study. Blood samples were collected from dogs from which food was withheld and analyzed for glucose, C-peptide, and other metabolic indicators. HOMA-IR by C-peptide, HOMA-IRCP2, and HOMA2-IR were determined and compared across groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DMIR group exhibited the highest C-peptide and HOMA-IR by C-peptide, HOMA-IRCP2, and HOMA2-IR. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that C-peptide, HOMA-IR by C-peptide, HOMA-IRCP2, and HOMA2-IR identified IR, with area under curve of 0.843 (95% CI, 0.756-0.930), 0.897 (95% CI, 0.819-0.975), 0.893 (95% CI, 0.812-0.973), and 0.789 (95% CI, 0.686-0.893), respectively (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.001). A cutoff level of \u22650.7\u00a0ng\/mL for C-peptide and \u2265120 for HOMA-IR by C-peptide demonstrated the highest sensitivity (92.9%), whereas \u22651.65 for HOMA-IRCP2 showed the highest specificity (97.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>C-peptide, HOMA-IR by C-peptide, HOMA-IRCP2, and HOMA2-IR are promising, non-invasive indicators of IR. Early identification of IR using these markers might improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jvimsj\/aalag123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T20:11:48Z","timestamp":1782504708000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of C-peptide and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance to assess insulin resistance in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6234-5495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chutirat","family":"Torsahakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Veterinary Clinical Stem Cells and Bioengineering, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation 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10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1122-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawasin","family":"Kanthathong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasiprapa","family":"Kaonarsanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330 ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8240-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawat","family":"Sannamwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Clinic, Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 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